Colorectal cancer Flashcards
Name four common presentations in colo-rectal carcinoma
altered bowel habit rectal bleeding tenesmus IDA weight loss PR mass Obstruction Abdominal pain Can depend on site of tumour! e.g. right versus left, right- IDA, weight loss. Left- bowel habit changes, lower abdo pain, PR bleeding
Name three risk factors for colorectal carcinoma
- adenomatous polyps
- hereditary
- ulcerative colitis/IBD
- diet
- smoking
- genetics
What are the two forms of hereditary colorectal carcinomas?
familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
Name four investigations for colorectal carcinoma
faecal occult blood (FOB) rectal exam colonoscopy + biopsy CT colonography barium enema
Name two stagings systems for colorectal cancer
TNM
Duke’s
What is the treatment for colorectal carcinoma
surgery + adjuvant chemo
liver resection if metastasis
colonic stent
Which is the most common cause of colorectal cancer?
sporadic, FAP and HNPCC account for a small percentage
What is another name for HNPCC?
lynch syndrome
What is the mode of inheritance of HNPCC?
AD
Why do you use radiotherapy for rectal/anal cancers but not colonic cancers?
due to attachment of bowel wall, a fixation issue?
Which imaging is used for rectal cancers?
MRI
What is a benign precursor to colorectal carcinoma?
colonic adenoma
Which drug is protective for colorectal carcinoma
NSAIDs/aspirin
Two signs of adenocarcinoma on examination?
Palpable mass Hepatomegaly Anaemia Signs of obstruction Perianal fistulae
What is the tumour marker for adenocarcinoma?
CEA
