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Physiological optics and Binocular Vision > COLOR VISION > Flashcards

COLOR VISION Flashcards

1
Q

that aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

A

Colors

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2
Q

-Science of Color
-the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in
materials, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range

A

Chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science

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3
Q

range of wavelength in which the human eye can perceive

A

within 390 nm to 700 nm

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4
Q

a color that is evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum,
or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths

A

Spectral Colors

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5
Q

a process that allows the brain to recognize a familiar object as being consistent color regardless of the amount of light reflecting from it at a given moment

A

Color constancy

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6
Q

He suggests that both the eye and the brain are involve in
color constancy

A

Edwin H Land

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7
Q

The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of
photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths.

A

Trichromatic Theory

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8
Q

Found the Trichromatic Theory

A

Thomas young

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9
Q

most responsive to light that we perceive as blue
or blue-violet, with wavelengths around 450 nm

A

Short-wavelength cones, S cones, or blue cone

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10
Q

most sensitive to light perceived as green,
with wavelengths around 540 nm

A

middle-wavelength cones, M cones, or green cones

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11
Q

most sensitive with wavelengths around
570 nm.

A

long-wavelength cones, L cones, or red cones

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12
Q

values in which For each location in the visual field, the three types of cones yield three signals based on the
extent to which each is stimulated.

A

tristimulus values

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13
Q

region of luminance levels and color temperatures that is considered pleasing

A

middle region

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14
Q

region of luminance levels and color temperatures that is considered cold and dim

A

lower region

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15
Q

region of luminance levels and color temperatures that are warm and colorful

A

upper region

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16
Q

As luminance decreases, the visual system switches from cone-dominated vision to rod-
dominated

A

purkinje phenomenon/effect

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17
Q

the ability to discriminate light on the basis of wavelength composition

A

COLOR VISION

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18
Q

Theory that says the retina has 3 types of cones responsible for color vision
each cone is named according to the wavelength they are sensitive with

A

TRICHROMACY THEORY

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19
Q

Reduced or complete loss of color discrimination

A

ACHROMATOPSIA

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20
Q
  • perceive everything just in shades of gray
  • more commonly referred to as total color blindness
A

Monochromacy

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21
Q

the condition of having only a single type of cone in the retina

(incomplete achromatopsia)

A

Cone monochromacy

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22
Q

all types of cones are either non functional or missing

(complete achromatopsia)

A

Rod monochromacy

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23
Q

symptoms of rod monochromacy

A
  • completely unable to distinguish colors
  • reduced VA
  • Hemeralopia (severe light sensitivity)
  • nystagmus
  • central scotoma
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24
Q

an uknown number of women may perceive millions of colors invisible to the rest of us

A

Tetrachromacy

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25
Q

theory suggests that there are three opponent channels: red versus green, blue versus yellow, and black versus white

A

Opponent theory of colors

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26
Q

Japanese ophthalmologist who created the Ishihara color test to detect colour blindness.

A

Dr. Shinobu Ishihara

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27
Q

in this ishihara plate, individuals with color vision defect should see a different figure from individuals with color vision

A

Transformation plates

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28
Q

in this ishihara plate, only individuals with normal color vision could recognize the figure

A

Vanishing plates

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29
Q

in this ishihara plate, only individuals with color vision defect could recognize the figure

A

Hidden digit plates

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30
Q

in this ishihara plate, intended to determine the type of color vision defect and the severity of it

A

Diagnostic plates

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31
Q

this test was first produced in 1954 and can be used to classify all 3 different forms of color vision deficiency

A

Hardy-Rand-Rittler test

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32
Q
  • test to classify color vision defects by using a set of discs
  • each set contains a reference disc and 15 numbered discs which make up an incomplete color circle
A

Farnsworth d15 Dichotomous test

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33
Q
  • accomplished by the arrangement of unsaturated colored discs
  • this test is not appropriate for patients who already failed the Farnsworth D15 test
  • specially designed to simulate signals and are most often used as vocational test
  • allows testing the required ability of patients directly
  • they have high practical value
  • it doesn’t reveal the nature and severity of the color vision defect
A

Lanthony Desaturated D15

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34
Q
  • this lantern includes two different green, two red and a white light
  • lights are show in pairs of two, low or high brightness, either vertically or horizontally aligned
  • the test person is asked to name the colors
A

Holmes-wright Lanterns

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35
Q
  • the standard test in the US.
    • specially designed to pass people with mild form of color vision deficiency
A

Farnsworth Lantern (Falant)

36
Q

provides the most accurate way to test the severity of color blindness and distinguish between dichromats and anomalous trichromats

A

Anomaloscope

37
Q

test wherein a mixture of red and green light sources has to be matched with a yellow light source

A

Rayleigh Match

38
Q

(blue-green) to test for tritan defects

A

Moreland Match

39
Q

channels of opponent theory of colors

A
  • red-green channel
  • blue-yellow channel
  • black-white channel
40
Q

perceiving letters or numbers leads to experience of seeing colors

A

grapheme-color synesthesia

41
Q

hearing musical sounds will lead to the unusual additional experiences of seeing colors

A

music-color synesthesia

42
Q

• Is the first and fundamental quality of all colors
• Determined by the wavelength and therefore gives
rise to the characteristic series of sensation when
we view the specturm

A

Hue or Tone

43
Q

In the Solar Spectrum, there are a number of Dark Lines known as the?

A

FRAUNHOFER Lines

44
Q

the minimum stimulus necessary to cause a sensation
of lights (or the minimum visible of scotopic vision) is
called?

A

GENERAL OR ACHROMATIC LIGHT
THRESHOLD

45
Q

the minimum intensity of light which is needed to make
the color discernable is known as the

A

SPECIFIC OR
CHROMATIC LIGHT THRESHOLD.

46
Q

the interval between achromatic and chromatic light threshold is called the?

A

PHOTOCHROMATIC INTERVAL

47
Q
  • purity of colors
  • freedom from a mixture with light
    *
A

Saturation

48
Q

term used to describe color that is less than saturated, color that has been dulled down.

A

desaturated color

49
Q

color that contains one wavelength of high intensity

A

Saturated color

50
Q
  • is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiation or reflecting light
  • luminance
A

Brightness

51
Q
  • mixing of colors generally involves mixing colors of light
    • in the absence of color results to black
      • if all three primary colors are present the result is white
      • used in television and computer monitors to produce a wide range of colors using only three primary colors
A

Additive color mixing

52
Q
  • done by selectively removing certain colors
  • the absence of color is white and the presence of all three primary colors is black
  • used to create a variety of colors when printing on paper by combining a small number of ink colors, and also when painting
A

Subtractive color mixing

53
Q

numbers of rods in eye

A

130 million

54
Q

numbers of cones in eye

A

6-7 million

55
Q

visual cell wherein pick of absorption is more on longer wavelength

A

cones

56
Q

visual cell wherein pick of absorption is more on the shorter wavelength

A

Rods

57
Q

damage in this area caused yellow-blue anomalies

A

Lesion in Choroid

58
Q

damage in this area caused yellow-blue and red-green anomalies

A

Lesion in the Retina

59
Q

damage in this area caused red-green anomalies

A

Lesion in optic nerve

60
Q

Tests for color vision

A
  • Pseudo-isochromatic plates
  • arrangement tests
  • Lantern tests
  • anomaloscope
61
Q

other term for rhodopsin

A

Visual Purple

62
Q

other term for photopsin

A

Visual yellow or iodopsin

63
Q

the observer perceives apple as red because?

A
  • erythrolabe are stimulated
    • blue and green are absorbed
64
Q

a green mango is perceived green because?

A

chlorolabe are stimulated

65
Q

an observer perceives the sky blue because?

A

cyanolabe are stimulated

66
Q

using the additive method of color mixing, red + green results to?

A

yellow

67
Q

using the additive color mixing, green + blue results to?

A

cyan

68
Q

using the additive method of color mixing, red + blue + green results to?

A

white

69
Q

when the blue-yellow compound undergo anabolic change, the result is?

A

blue

70
Q

when the red-green compound undergo anabolic change, the result is?

A

green

71
Q

when the black-white compound undergo anabolic change, the result is?

A

black

72
Q

using the subtractive method of color mixing, yellow + magenta results to?

A

red

73
Q

using the subtractive method of color mixing, cyan + yellow results to?

A

green

74
Q

using the subtractive method of color mixing, cyan + magenta results to?

A

blue

75
Q

when the blue-yellow compound undergo ketabolic change, the result is?

A

yellow

76
Q

when the black-white compound undergo ketabolic change, the result is?

A

white

77
Q

when the red-green compound undergo ketabolic change, the result is?

A

red

78
Q

if light stimulates erythrolabe, the resulting sensation is?

A

red

79
Q

if light stimulates chlorolabe, the resulting sensation is?

A

green

80
Q

if light stimulates cyanolabe, the resulting sensation is?

A

blue

81
Q

physiological method of color mixing is based upon?

A

Positive and Negative AFTER IMAGE

82
Q

this color characteristic refers to its purity

A

hue

83
Q

this color characteristic refers to its luminosity

A

Intensity

84
Q

in the COLOR WHEEL, combining red and yellow will result to?

A

Orange

85
Q

in the color wheel, combining yellow and blue results to?

A

green

86
Q

in the COLOR WHEEL, combining red and blue will result to?

A

violet

87
Q

Tertiary color is

A

mixture of 1 primary and 1 secondary colors

Physiological optics and Binocular Vision (12 decks)

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