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Cell Phys/Genetics > Color Coat Genetics > Flashcards

Color Coat Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 basic pigments?

A

Eumelanin and pheomelanin

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2
Q

What is the main protein that eumelanin and pheomelanin derived from?

A

Tyrosine in melanocytes

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3
Q

What steps does tyrosinase take to convert Tyrosine into the 2 main pigments?

A

Tyrosine is converted into 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), then dopaquinone, then eumelanin OR pheomelanin

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4
Q

At the C locus, what is C the allele for in dogs and cats?

A

Full color

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5
Q

At the C locus, what is the c^ch allele?

A

chinchilla

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6
Q

How does the chinchilla allele (c^ch) affect coat color?

A

It reduces pheomelanin, so that tan becomes cream.

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7
Q

What are the alleles at the C locus in dogs?

A

C, c^ch, c^e, c

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8
Q

What does c^e code for?

A

white with dark eyes and a dark nose (aka. Samoyed)

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9
Q

What does the c allele code for in both dogs and cats?

A

true albino- no pigment whatsoever

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10
Q

What are the alleles at the C locus in cats?

A

C, c^b, c^s, c

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11
Q

The c^b allele encodes what color trait?

A

brown (i.e. Burmese)

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12
Q

What does the c^s allele encode?

A

thremolabile melanogenesis (seen in Siamese)

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13
Q

The C locus is responsible for encoding what enzyme?

A

Tyrosinase

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14
Q

What do the Extension Series and the Agouti series affect the function of?

A

They affect the function of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR)

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15
Q

What is MSHR?

A

a 7-transmembrane domain, G-protein coupled receptor

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16
Q

alpha-MSH binds to MSHR and stimulates it to make what pigment?

A

eumelanin

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17
Q

What does the E locus code for?

A

a receptor, specifically MCR1 (also known as

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18
Q

What are the alleles at the E locus?

A

E^m, E, e

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19
Q

What are the alleles at the E locus in cats?

A

E and e

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20
Q

What does E^m code for in dogs?

A

Black Mask (Pug)

21
Q

What does E code for in dogs?

A

it restricts pheomelanin production (so that the coat will be dark throughout because eumelanin takes over)

22
Q

What does e code for in dogs?

A

extension of pheomelanin in the entire coat with a dark nose, eyes, and footpads

23
Q

What does the E code for in cats?

A

E is full color

24
Q

What does the e code for in cats?

A

“amber” only seen in Norwegian Forrest Cat. It affects the hue of the yellow seen

25
Q

What locus is identified as the paracrine-signaling molecule?

A

the Agouti Locus

26
Q

How does the agouti peptide from the A locus interact with MCR1 produced by the E Locus?

A

It is a paracrine signaling molecule that inhibits the binding of melanocortins to MCR1. (It’s an antagonist gene to the MCR1 made by the E locus)

27
Q

What are the alleles for the A locus in a dog?

A

a^y, a^w, a^t, a,

28
Q

What does a^y code for?

A

tan, sable, red (pheomelanin), this is the dominant allele because when it is on, it always inhibiting the MCR1.

29
Q

What does a^w code for?

A

agouti (alternating dark and light bands on hairs)

30
Q

what does a^t code for?

A

dark trunk, tan extremities (Doberman pinscher)

31
Q

What does a code for?

A

recessive black (full color)- the agouti peptide is inhibited

32
Q

What are the a alleles at the A locus in the cat?

A

A and a

33
Q

What do the A and a alleles code for?

A 
A= agouti
a= non-agouti (full- color)
34
Q

The agouti peptide must be expressed to have a tabby cat. True/ False?

A

False: the agouti peptide is NOT necessary for the expression of tabby in cats

35
Q

What is the K locus?

A

the Dominant Black locus- it encodes for CBD103

36
Q

What is CBD103?

A

A beta-defensing

37
Q

How does action does CBD103 have?

A

it interacts with agouti peptide and prevents it from binding to MCR1

38
Q

What are the alleles at the K locus? (**this is only in a dog)

A

K^B, k^br, k^y

39
Q

Which allele codes for brindle?

A

k^br

40
Q

Which allele codes for solid black, brown, or blue?

A

K^B- this is eumelanin pigmentation only

41
Q

What does the k^y allele code for?

A

expression of agouti alleles that will express pheomelanin– this allele allows for the expression of yellow

42
Q

What is the mechanism behind the brindle phenotype?

A

it is epigenetically controlled

43
Q

What is the B locus and what does it code for?

A

the Black/Brown series and it codes for a Tyrosine related protein (TRP1)

44
Q

Name the three mutations the B locus has in it.

A

1) a stop codon at exon 5 (nonsense mutaton)
2) a deleted proline at exon 5 (deletion)
3) Ser to Cys at amino acid 41 (missense mutation)

45
Q

What are the 2 alleles at the B locus in a dog and what do they code for?

A

1) B for black

2) b for chocolate (and chocolate nose, footpads, iris)

46
Q

What are the 3 alleles at the B locus in a cat?

A

B, b, and b^e

47
Q

What does the B allele code for in cats?

A

black

48
Q

What does the b^e allele code for in cats?

A

red (seen in Abbyssianian)

49
Q

What does the b allele code for in cats?

A

chocolate (Havana Brown)

Cell Phys/Genetics (5 decks)

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