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History > Colonies MCQ > Flashcards

Colonies MCQ Flashcards

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1
Q

Who settled colonies first?

A

Spanish

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2
Q

Why do the British have a rough start?

A
  • Fail of the colony of Roanoke, wars, etc. (realized that better planning and more economic resources were needed)
  • Also b/c of the social crisis, economic growth wasn’t enough for the growing population so more people wanted to go to the New World
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3
Q

How were the British colonies funded?

A

Joint-Stock Companies (Virginia Company)

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4
Q

What are joint-stock companies?

A

Investors invest their money to fund the Jamestown voyage and settlement thinking that colonies will make money and will receive dividends

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5
Q

What type of venture was Jamestown?

A

Economic; it was motivated by capitalism rather than religious purposes

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6
Q

Who are most initial settlers?

A

Young disinherited aristocratic men, those who did not receive estate

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7
Q

What is primogeniture?

A

Law in England where the entire estate goes to the oldest son; results in other sons going to Jamestown to make money

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8
Q

Why does Jamestown almost fail?

A

Malaria from mosquitoes, lack of skills, and death from hunger (however, John Smith began to enforce stricter rules, which was continued even after he returned to England due to an injury)

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9
Q

Were OG settlers of the Chesapeake colony good or bad farmers?

A

Bad farmers

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10
Q

How does Jamestown become successful?

A

John Rolfe introduces a newer and sweeter tobacco resulting in higher demand

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11
Q

What does tobacco create?

A

Beginnings of a cash crop in North America

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12
Q

What does the harvesting of tobacco require?

A

Requires plantations and labor force

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13
Q

What is used for a labor shortage?

A

Indentured servants

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14
Q

Who are indentured servants?

A

People who are in debt from their journey to VA; Plantation owners pay for their trip and people must work in plantations to pay off their debt (however most didn’t survive)

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15
Q

What are slaves from Africa used for?

A

Used to replace indentured servants

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16
Q

What is free labor?

A

Free people who labor

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17
Q

What are slave/unfree/bound labor?

A

Not free people

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18
Q

What is the difference between indentured servants and slaves?

A

Indentured have some rights while slaves have no rights

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19
Q

Who are puritans?

A

Calvinists who were reacting to changes from the Reformation

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20
Q

What is the Reformation?

A

Split of the Catholic Church and protestant churches are formed due to Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church because of its corruption and he creates them

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21
Q

What do Puritans want?

A

Want to purify the Anglican church of all the catholic remnants b/c it is so similar to the Catholic Church

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22
Q

What is the Anglican Church and how was it founded?

A

Anglican church is the church of England and it was founded by Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragon

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23
Q

Who is the head of the Catholic Church and Anglican church?

A

CC: Pope
AC: Monarch of England

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24
Q

What are some characteristics of the Puritans?

A

Strict in beliefs, often intolerant, focused on a vengeful god

25
Q

What do Puritans believe?

A
  • Believe that your fate and salvation is determined before you are born
  • Sees success/failure as a sign of salvation so good things means God loves you and bad things means that God is angry with you
26
Q

What are the Salem Witch Trials?

A
  • Bad things were happening and people believed that women were doing something in the woods which is why God was angry with them
  • They were burned at the stake and were used as a way to blame them for the bad things happening
27
Q

Why do Puritans leave England?

A

To get away from Catholicism and go to Massachusetts

28
Q

What are some characteristics of New England Society?

A

Theocracy: Civil law and religious law are the same
Religion dictates politics and society
Direct democracy and town hall meetings

29
Q

What are covenant communities?

A

Agreement between puritans and God that they will live in these tight-knit communities

30
Q

Who is Roger Williams?

A

Rejects strict puritanism which ends up with him being banished

31
Q

Who is Anne Hutchinson?

A

Held religious meetings at her home and criticized that morality was a sign of salvation. She gets put on trial and says that God spoke to her which results in her being banished.

32
Q

Why are Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson?

A

Show Puritan’s intolerance for different ideas

33
Q

How were the relationships with the native people?

A

Periods of intense violence b/c white people wanted their land which caused clashes between New England tribes and white people

34
Q

Pequot War 1637

A

Destruction of Pequot people who were one of the most powerful tribes in New England. Fought over land and many were killed

35
Q

King Philip’s (Metacom) War 1675

A

Native people initiate war to drive white people from their land, however end up losing and there is no more organized Native resistance in New England after this

36
Q

What does codification mean?

A

To make it law

37
Q

Stono Rebellion 1739

A
  • Slave revolt along the Stono River
  • Largest slave revolt in the Colonial Period
  • Slaves try to get to Florida so they can be free under the Spanish rule
  • The revolt fails
  • Slaves are treated worse after this and laws become harsher against slaves
38
Q

What are all of the middle colonies?

A

Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware

39
Q

Who was Pennsylvania founded by?

A

William Penn

40
Q

Who are Quakers?

A

Protestant sect (Christianity)

41
Q

What are some characteristics of the Middle Colonies?

A
  • Religiously tolerant
  • Believed that all people had God’s inner light
  • Positive relationship with the Natives
  • Didn’t believe in slavery
  • Very diverse area
  • Mix of agriculture and commercial businesses
42
Q

What are the different populations of the colonies?

A
  • New York founded by the Dutch
  • New Jersey founded by Swedes
  • Pennsylvania has a large German population
43
Q

What did English colonists do in the early stages of settlement?

A

Established towns on previous Indian settlement, planted Indian crops, and adopted Indian technology (over time, English displaced the original inhabitants)

44
Q

How did English colonists change the Native people?

A

Introduced new skills to Native people and introduced them to trade. However, profits began to go to mainly England and newcomes spread diseases to the Native people; They threatened the way of their life

45
Q

Headright System

A

Awaring fifty acres of land to any colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage (anyone who brought in a good number of servants would automatically win an estate)

46
Q

House of Burgesses

A

First elected assembly in colonial America (established a political precedent that all colonies would eventually follow)

47
Q

Uprising of 1622

A

Unsuccessful revolt of Virginia Native people that wiped out a quarter of the settler population, but it led to settlers gaining supremacy

48
Q

Dower Rights

A

The right of a widowed woman to inherit 1/3 of her deceased husband’s property

49
Q

Pilgrims

A

Puritans who broke off completely with the Anglican Church and sailed to the New World on the Mayflower

50
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Document signed to make sure people agree to the majority-rule government and just and equal laws

51
Q

Great Migration

A

The migration of English puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony

52
Q

Captivity Narratives

A

Accounts written by colonists after their time in Indian captivity, stressing on their religious beliefs

53
Q

Covenant Chain

A

Alliance between the English and Iroquois nations (proposed by governor of New York, Andros)

54
Q

Yamasee Uprising

A

Revolt of Yamasee and Creek Indians, aggravated by rising debts and slave traders’ raids against Carolina settlers. Resulted in the expulsion of many Indians to Florida.

55
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley’s administration because of governmental corruption and because Berkeley had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids and did not allow them to occupy Indian lands.

56
Q

Lords of Trade

A

English regulatory board established to oversee colonial affairs in 1675

57
Q

Dominion of New England

A

Union of English colonies in New England and Middle Colonies with the exception of Delaware and Pennsylvania

58
Q

Walking Purchase

A

A purchase of Indian land where Pennsylvanian colonists tricked the Lenni Lenape Indians

59
Q

Rights of Englishmen

A

When colonists wanted and expected the rights that they had in England: personal security, personal liberty, private property

History (3 decks)

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