Colonic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polyp?

A

A protrusion of an epithelial surface

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2
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

A benign epithelial tumour that produces glands

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3
Q

All polyps are adenomas. True/False?

A

False

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of polyp?

A

Pedunculated (stalks)
Serrated (from villous)
Flat

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5
Q

All adenomas are dysplastic and may form adenocarcinoma. True/False?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the primary treatment of adenocarcinoma of the colon?

A

Surgical excision

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7
Q

Colorectal carcinoma is found most commonly on which side - right or left?

A

Left (75%)

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8
Q

What is a diverticulum?

A

Outpouching of epithelial lining

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9
Q

What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

A
Diverticulosis = diverticular disease = the presence of diverticula
Diverticulitis = inflammation of diverticula
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10
Q

What is the proposed aetiology of diverticular disease?

A

Low fibre diet, high fatty diet

Reduces motility and increases colonic pressure

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11
Q

List some investigations for diverticular disease

A

Sigmoidoscopy

Barium enema

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12
Q

Which part of the colon is most susceptible to diverticular disease?

A

Sigmoid colon

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13
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Pathological connection/link between two epithelial surfaces

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14
Q

What would a fistula between the colon and the bladder be called?

A

Colovesical fistula

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15
Q

What are the main management procedures for diverticular disease?

A

Percutaneous drainage

Hartmann procedure

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16
Q

Describe Hartmann procedure

A

Remove sigmoid colon and connect colostomy bag to descending colon

17
Q

What are the most common organisms that cause infective colitis?

A

C. difficile
Campylobacter
E. coli

18
Q

Name some symptoms of acute and chronic colitis

A

Diarrhoea with/without blood
Cramping pain
Dehydration
Weight loss

19
Q

List investigations for acute and chronic colitis

A

AXR
Stool culture
Sigmoidoscopy
Barium enema

20
Q

Name some causes of large bowel obstruction

A

Colonic cancer
Volvulus
Faecal impaction
Pseudo-obstruction

21
Q

Which part of the colon is most commonly affected by ischaemic colitis?

A

Sigmoid colon (diverticular disease too - it just gets all the shit…)

22
Q

What is the most common cause of ischaemic colitis?

A

Atherosclerosis of mesenteric vessels

23
Q

Which organism is mostly behind antibiotic-induced colitis?

A

C. difficile

24
Q

How does C. difficile cause colitis?

A

Produces toxin A and B in response to broad-spectrum antibiotics which attack epithelium

25
Q

What is the classic presentation of collagenous colitis?

A

Watery diarrhoea

Normal endoscopy

26
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis is a type of CRC caused by mutation in which gene?

A

APC (tumour suppressor) gene

27
Q

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is caused by mutation in which gene?

A

DNA mismatch repair gene

28
Q

HNPCC is more common than FAP. True/False?

A

True