Biliary Tract + Pancreatic Disease Flashcards
Women get gallstones more commonly than men. True/False?
True
Most people with gallstones are asymptomatic. True/False?
True
How do gallstones form?
Abnormal bile composition (usually due to excess cholesterol) causes hardening of bile
List some risk factors for developing gallstones (think of the 5 F’s)
Female Forty Fat Foetus Fair (i.e. white skin) There once was a fat forty-year-old fair female with a foetus.
What is acute cholecystitis?
Obstruction of cystic duct by stone causing inflammation of the gall bladder
List some investigations for diagnosing gallstones
Ultrasound
CT scan
MRCP/ERCP
Outline treatment for acute cholecystitis
IV antibiotics + fluids
Urgent cholecystectomy
What is the 2nd most common hepatobiliary cancer?
Cholangiocarcinoma
What is the only chance of cure of cholangiocarcinoma?
Surgical resection
Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with multi-organ failure and complications. True/False?
True
List some obstructive causes of acute pancreatitis
Biliary disease
Pancreatic duct stricture
Tumours of ampulla or pancreas
What is the most common toxin that causes acute pancreatitis?
Alcohol
List some viral causes of acute pancreatitis
Coxsackie B
Hepatitis
Mumps
GET SMASHED is a mnemonic for causes of pancreatitis. What does it stand for?
Gallstones Ethanol (alcohol) Trauma Steroids Mumps, malignancy Autoimmunity Scorpion stings Hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia ERCP Drugs
List blood tests that would be done for acute pancreatitis
FBC, U&Es
LFTs
Clotting, CRP
Amylase, glucose, Ca, lipase