Colonialism, neocolonialism, World Systems Theory, contemporary issues, and the role of anthropologists Flashcards

1
Q

why study colonialism 2

A

Colonialism is a major force of cultural change

An explanation for economic disparity, power differentials, conflict and human rights issues

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2
Q

world systems thoery

A

core, semi-periphery, periphery
Idea that a discernible social system based on wealth and power differentials should transcend individual countries (focus on the world as a whole when analyzing social interactions)

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3
Q

wst: core

A

Dominant position in the world system; nation with advanced systems of production (United States)

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4
Q

wst: semi periphery

A

Position in the world system intermediate between core and periphery; export industrial goods and commodities, but lack the power and economic dominance of core nations. (Brazil)

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5
Q

periphery

A

Weakest structural and economic position in the world system; may have a low degree of industrialization, may produce raw materials for shipment (Nigeria)

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6
Q

Imperialism

A

: Policy aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples

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7
Q

colonialism

A

Political, social, economic, and cultural dominance of a territory by a foreign power over time (Colonialism is a variant of imperialism)

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8
Q

types of colonialism 2

A

direct

indirect

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9
Q

Direct colonialism

A

Settlers of the imperial center run plantation-based export commodities and extractive industries

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10
Q

indirect colonialism

A

Local elites, appointed by imperializing country, act as colonial bureaucrats

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11
Q

types of colonies 3

A

extractive, productive, settled

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12
Q

extractive colony

A

forces colonists to mine natural goods for profit

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13
Q

productive colony

A

forces the colonists to produce/manufacture for their benefit

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14
Q

Settled Colonies

A

Set up schools, banks, infrastructures

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15
Q

Reasons for colonialism 3

A

Economic: Raw materials, raw markets, trade and commerce
Political: Competition among imperializing powers for wealth and territory◦
Ideological: Civilization is synonymous with progress and the “white man’s burden

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16
Q

white mans burden

A


It is the obligation of white people to encourage cultural development in countries with different and perceivably primitive cultural backgrounds so that they can one day take their place in society and the global economy. (justified colonialism as a noble enterprise)◦
When imperialized peoples revolted they were seen as ungrateful for the wealth of cultural and economic potential being bestowed upon them by the white man.

17
Q

phases of colonialism

A
Phase 1 (1492-1825): Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands
Phase 2 (1825-1960): England, France, and Germany
18
Q

Phase 1 (1492-1825): Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands(drivers goals and colonies)

A

Drivers: Mercantilism and Enrich royalty
Goals: Exploration and trade of exotic goods and slaves
Colonies: America, Asia, and India

19
Q

Phase 2 (1825-1960): England, France, and Germany(drivers goals and colonies)

A

Drivers: More territory, resources, labor, and capitalism
Goals: New markets and resources to satisfy expanding global capitalism
Colonies: Africa and Asia

20
Q

Consequences of colonialism (6 plus example)

A

ex British Raj in India

  1. Increased economic disparity and famine
  2. Socio-psychological deterioration
  3. Loss of culture, language and political autonomy
  4. Mass poverty
  5. Dependency cycle resulting in underdevelopment
  6. Resource depletion for the benefit of colonizing entities
21
Q

British Raj in India, when and why?

A


Indigo was a cash crop in Indian colonies and took priority over food production for colonists

In the late 1800s monsoon rain failure resulted in country wide famine where 30 million Indians died of starvation. This an example of famine as a result of a social institution.

22
Q

Purported benefits of colonialism (5)

A
  1. Social advances of culture, education and religion
  2. Law and order
  3. System of private property
  4. Trade, cash crops, industry and technology
  5. infrastructure (social, cultural and political
23
Q

Interventionist philosophy:

A

Ideological justification for outsiders to guide or rule native groups (colonialists, missionaries, governments, and development planners)

24
Q

legacy of colonialism

A

Sugar and Neoliberalism

  • Europeans built plantations in Caribbean
  • High demand for labor from slave trade
  • After abolishment of slavery migrant workers were marginalized and poorly treated
  • Now human rights organizations monitor the treatment of migrant workers in company housing
25
Q

neocolonialism

A

Indirect control over an area through geopolitics, aid, international trade agreements, and NGOs

26
Q

Neoliberalism

A

Governments shouldn’t regulate private enterprise; free-market forces should rule. The government should stay out of its nation’s economic affairs (no commerce regulations, manufacturing restrictions, or tariffs) [Laissez-Faire]

27
Q

Structural Adjustment (World Bank, IMF)

A
  1. devalue currency
  2. deregulate markets
  3. free trade
  4. austerity
    These companies are imposing neoliberal policies which entail open (tariff- and barrier-free) international trade and investment. Profits are sought through lowering costs, whether -through improving productivity, laying off workers, or seeking workers who accept lower wages.
28
Q

Modernist ideology

A

History is racing toward a technological utopia while the perceived primitive third world is in arrested development

29
Q

the case of the sugar industry

A

High demand for labor fueled slave trade–(brought poor Haitians over to work for low wages)

Sugar in Dominican Republic- Bateyes(company housing) are in very poor condition in Dominican Republic sugar plantations

30
Q

identity politics

A

Identifying oneself as belonging to a particular cultural group in order to attain political power despite stratification of said group

31
Q

applied anthropology

A

Study and understand patterns in behavior to figure out social organization, thinking and knowledge systems.
■study of humanity, the past, the present

32
Q

• How Did Colonial Powers Control People?4

A
  1. Military Power: forced to join army
  2. Economic Power: dual economy in urban and rural areas
  3. Political power and bureaucracy: birth certificates and IDs
  4. Ideological power