colonial wars

Question 1

At the beginning of the war, who claimed what land

Answer 1

France had Acadia, NF, and Louisiana. Britain had the 13 colonies and Rupert land. Both claimed NFLD bc of the cod and military space

Question 2

What was the FN role in the 7 year war

Answer 2

the iroquois were british allies. they defeated the huron (french allies), and then french trade routes ended up going though iroquois territory. made tension in the area

Question 3

what is the two row wampum

Answer 3

the british and Haudenosaunee used this to create an alliance of non-interference. the two purple stripes represent a FN canoe containing their religion culture etc, and the other a british ship containing the same. they would pass by each other on the river of life w/out interfering nd respecting each other

Question 4

what was the silver covenant chain

Answer 4

agreement between Haudenosaunee and British. based arounf friendship, trade, and respect. the silver chain represents strong, unbreakable, alliance

Question 5

what was the war with the mikmaq

Answer 5

1749-1753. between british and mikmaq. british were starting to come into FN territory, and the war ended with a treaty that is still referred to in court

Question 6

who was cornwallis

Answer 6

british governor, sent to found the city of halifax. he placed a scalping bounty on the mikmaw.

Question 7

why is cornwallis controversial

Answer 7

• scalping was inhuman but was used centuries ago
• le-loutre had influence over mikmaw and controlled their actions
• ppl think cornwallis acted out of racism, but mikmaq actually declared war and attacked first by scalping british settlers
• after that, cornwallis issued his scalping bounty, and le-loutre issued one for brits as well
• cornwallis shouldn’t be idolized, but we shouldnt erase him from our history and we need to realize the mikmaqs actions aswell

Question 8

what was the acadian deportation

Answer 8

1755. acadians were peaccful and had a culture of mutual respect and trade. they shared w/ mikmaq. didn’t want independence, just wanted to be left alone. they wanted to remain neutral and didn’t sign an oath of alligance to britain. britain feared they would side with F or FN so they destroyed their village and deported them across NA.

Question 9

what were the causes of the colonial wat

Answer 9

• b and f were commercial rivals
• britain wanted to remove f as a commercial rival so focused on their colonies and navy
• f wanted to fight in europe. didn’t spend much time/effort/money on their colonies

Question 10

what was louisbourg

Answer 10

louisbourg was a french fortress guardinf the entrance into quebec from the st lawrence river.

Question 11

how did the british capture louisbourg

Answer 11

british ships sailed up the river and started attacking the fortress. they blocked the harbour and cut off french reinforcements. b soldiers on land also cut off the town from any help. french started to run low on food and ammo. french surrendered after 7 weeks

Question 12

who was james wolfe

Answer 12

british commander. he led 200 british ships up the river towards Quebec, w/ 9000 troops. tried to attack fortress w/cannon, and also destroyed villages along the countryside to try and bring french out into an open battle

Question 13

who was marquis de montcalm

Answer 13

french commander. had 16000 troops, fortress, and FN allies. knew british had to retreat before winter, so tried to stay inside the fortress and hold out. fired down on enemies below and did not release his army to fight

Question 14

what was the battle of the plains of abraham

Answer 14

• b had to capture Quebec before winter arrived.
• mid of night, his troops scaled cliffs behind the fortress
• french guards called down to see who was there, and a b soldier called out in perf french “we are French reinforcements”
• reached the top, took out guards, b had control of the plains of Abraham
• f release their army to fight in the morn
• b fired shot after shot, f kept falling and then retreated after b charged
• Wolfe died in battle, Montcalm died from injuries during retreat
• “glad I won’t live to see the surrender of Quebec”

Question 15

how did the french rule end in NA

Answer 15

after losing quebec, they only had montreal. british controlled the atlantic and stopped ships coming from france to help. when b approached, french knew they would lose and surrendered. war was over and french rule in NA was gone

Question 16

what were NF legacies

Answer 16

• pioneered the fur trade
• first Europeans to arrive in Canadian territory
• created successful farms despite the climate
• opened shops and businesses
• created schools, hospitals, and charities

Question 17

what were the FN motivation to fight

Answer 17

FN often fought with whatever side guaranteed their sovereignty and land. most supported french bc of trading history, and Haudenosaunee supported british for the same reason.f and b signed peace treaty giving b control over most of NA, and FN were worried abt outsiders moving into their land

Question 18

what was the treaty of paris

Answer 18

treaty signed between britain and france in 1763. marked the end of the 7 year war. france surrendered all their land to britain except for one small island off NFLD which they kept to have fishing rights.

Question 19

why were fn worried abt their future

Answer 19

worried british settlers would come in and take their land

Question 20

why were acadians worried about their future

Answer 20

allowed to return to NS post deportation, but were worried aout their language and religion bc a lot of english speakers from 13 colonies had arrived

Question 21

why were french/canadiens worried about their future

Answer 21

worried if they would be deported like the acadians. worried if they would be able to keep their language and religion if they stayed

Question 22

why were british worried about their future

Answer 22

wanted to keep everyone happy. worried bc they govrned french who used diff gov and laws. wondered how they would become allies with FN and keep their subjects loyal

Question 23

what were the pontiac wars

Answer 23

13 colonies were growing and ppl were moving west into FN territory for more land. Chief pontiac and his ppl attacked fortresses to send a message. britain didn’t want any mor conflict with FN so stopped colonists from moving west. british were unhappy w/ this

Question 24

what was the royal proclamation

Answer 24

french were unhappy to have new rulers, so british tried to make everyone happy with this.
- set aside land for FN that the king would protect from settlers. hard to enfore and settlers kept moving anyways
- stopped british from moving west, and hoped they would move north and assimilate the french, but not many did bc the best land was already taken
- establisehd british law throughout BNA, and french were not happy bc wanted to keep their laws and seigneurial system

Question 25

what was the quebec act

Answer 25

made to keep the french catholics happy so they would not try to seperate or and would side w/ britain in case of conflict from the 13 colonies
- allowed them to keep their laws and seigneurial system
- protected their language and religion
- protected their rights