american revolution

Question 1

what were the causes of the american revolution

Answer 1

• 13 colonies were tired of britain not looking out for their best interests
• not allowed to go west bc of FN
• quebec act gave the french special privileges
• had to pay high taxes bc britain was in debt after war with french
• had no government representatives

Question 2

what does the slogan “no taxation without representation” mean

Answer 2

Used by people in the 13 colonies. Had to pay high taxes after Britain was in debt, but felt they should pay less bc now they did not need Britain protection from France. they were mad because they had no gov rep and had no say in anything

Question 3

who was king george III

Answer 3

he ruled britain during american revolution. brits viewed him as a hero and 13 colonists (not loyalists) viewed him as a tyrant

Question 4

what was the Canadiens stance in the war

Answer 4

americans thought they would get support from them or FN, but french remained neutral bc:
- saw nothing to gain from revolting
- were happy under british rule bc it wasn’t harsh and they were tolerated
- no point to risk what they had for the unknown

Question 5

what was the FN stance in the revolution

Answer 5

-didn’t officially side with anyone, but most stayed in GB.
- often sided w/ whoever guaranteed them land and sovereignty
- joseph brant sided with the brit

Question 6

who was joseph brant

Answer 6

mohawk chief who convinced the Iroquois confederacy to support britain in exchange for land. he feared americans would take their land if they won. after the war he demanded the british to give him the land they promised, and he and his ppl built villages

Question 7

what were loyalists

Answer 7

people living in the 13 colonies who wanted to remain loyal to britain and didn’t want to seperate

Question 8

what were patriots

Answer 8

people who wanted independence from britain. they threatened and tormented loyalists

Question 9

what were the three kinds of loyalists

Answer 9

• black loyalists
• united empire loyalists
• FN loyalists

Question 10

what were united empire loyalists

Answer 10

didnt want to seperate bc they felt using vilence to overthrow gov was wrong, some were soldeirs who fought w/ britain, and didn’t want to lose their trading connections with britain. most left and went to canada bc they were persecuted and had their property and land stolen in the 13. after war they weren’t forgiven and couldn’t walk freely or vote

Question 11

what were black loyalists

Answer 11

britain offered black slaves freedom if they sided w/ them. after the war, slaves had to return to their masters or flee to canada w/ the promise of free land. if they returned, they would be treated worse than before, so many left for NS

Question 12

what happened to black loyalists in NS

Answer 12

the land given to them was often very poor and isolated, and some didn’t recieve land at all. had to work as tenant farmers or indentured servants and life was similar to slavery. freedom didn’t mean equality, and NS was very racist.

Question 13

what were the shelburn riots

Answer 13

first race riot in NS. black loyalists rioted against the poor living conditions. britain offered tosend them to a new colony in sierra leone. many went.

Question 14

how did loyalists influence canada

Answer 14

50,000 loyalists came to canada. many of them recieved free land grants. doubled pop. of NS and created new communities. overall, created more economic energy - new towns/businesses, pushed FN out of their land to make room for more settlers, and created new colonies

Question 15

what was the constitutional act

Answer 15

1791. british arrived to quebec and were unfamiliar with their laws and gov. did not want to settle where best land was already taken, nd didnt like signeurial system. this act split quebec into upper and lower canada. both had their own gov, laws, etc.

Question 16

what was upper canada

Answer 16

modern day ontario. upper bc you had to paddle up river vs current to get there. ppl could own land, was mainly the englishw

Question 17

what was lower canada

Answer 17

modern day quebec. lower bc you go downriver w the curent. ppl used seigneurial system, was mainly the French.

Question 18

what was the boston massacre

Answer 18

boston was under occupation and full of british soldiers. colonists revolted bc of taxes & occupation. situation escalated and soliders ended up firing into the crowd, killing a few colonists

Question 19

who was crispus attucks

Answer 19

he was an african american living in the 13 colonies. he was killed in the boston massacre. pictured in the bloody massacre, and considered to first death of the A.R.

Question 20

who was paul revere

Answer 20

he is known for creating the bloody massacre, and also made the ride to lexington to inform american soldiers that the british were arriving.

Question 21

what was the bloody massacre

Answer 21

this was war propaganda. its an image of the boston massacre and made to shape public opinion against britain. this image and news of the boston massacre spread quicly bc ppl in the 13 were literate

Question 22

how did the bloody massacre shape opinion against the british

Answer 22

• soldiers lined up and seem menacing
• soliders seem like attackers, when colonists attacked them first
• distressed woman in the crowd

Question 23

what was th boston tea patry

Answer 23

taxes were very high, and colonists watned to rebel. they dumped over 1 mill dollars of tea overboard into the harbour

Question 24

what was the continental congress

Answer 24

reps across the 13 colonies joined to make the c.c. they discussed issues their colonies were facing and represented the will of the 13 colonies. debated the idea of total independence from britain, and came up woth the D.O.I. in 1776. big step towards rhe colonies indepenedence

Question 25

what is the “shot heard round the world”

Answer 25

used to describe the first shot taken in the A.R. Happened in Lexington during the first battle between British and patritos

Question 26

explain the first battle between british nd patriots

Answer 26

british were on their way to concord to sieze rebels military supply, when they were confronted by rebels in lexington. small battle where s.a.t.w. was heard, then british carried on. the interference from the rebels gave other rebels time to retrieve their weapons, so when british reached concord, the weapons were gone. they started to march back to boston. patritos followed and fired the whole way. many brits died bc didn’t know to fight

Question 27

battle in NYC

Answer 27

british ships had 100s of soldiers with cannons that could fire at the speed of sound. 400 of these ships were ready to attack NYC. british soldiers have 6 times more fighting experience and quickly gain control. 1000s of rebels are held prisoner on these ships. 9/10 die, 3x more than in battle

Question 28

british weakness

Answer 28

british army of 8000 men is trying to move thru the frontier, they are like a mobile city w/ wives, ammo, silverware, etc. they are trained to fight in open space so this is hard for them.

Question 29

what innovation did the americans make

Answer 29

they added grooves inside their rifles which helped to stabalize their shot and increase the accuracy of their aim.

Question 30

what was the americans plan to defeat the british

Answer 30

1. eliminate the british FN allies. Brits didn’t know how to navigate the american frontier, and without FN to guide them, they would be lost.
2. target british officers. without officers there would be disorder, chaos, confusion. brit lost twice as many men as the americans

Question 31

who helped americans gain their independence

Answer 31

france. americans gained naval support from fracne so now brits had to fight french at sea and americans on land

Question 32

what is valley forge

Answer 32

valley forge was a winter camp for the americans led by G.W. they recieved no help from the C.C, and had to build little ruts and tents for shelter. no order, bad hygienes, 1/5 had no shoes, many were sick. made up of convicts, immigrants and freed slaves. smallpox spread (2/5 died), and they started innoculation

Question 33

who was general van streuban

Answer 33

he brought order, discipline, and hygiene to valley forge. taught soldiers battle tactics and wrtoe a manuel on military tactics. taught them bayonnet fighting. organized housing and bathrooms.

Question 34

how did patriots spy

Answer 34

wrote with invisible ink

Question 35

why was the revolution unpopular in england

Answer 35

costing way too much

Question 36

results of the revolution

Answer 36

July 4th, 1776 declaration of independence. after years of fighting, w help of french, defeated the british in 1781, forcing britain to give up their control over the colonies

Question 37

what was the book of negroes

Answer 37

documents listing ppl w african ancestry who left USA after the independence. held short accounts of their lives/personal details. american slaveholders wanted to take posession of their human property and believed their slaves should be returend

Question 38

who was sir guy carleton

Answer 38

british commander who vowed he would not surrender the slaves bc it was a “violation of publiv faith”. said they would recompense masters for their loss in property, but no known compensation was made. later became gov. general of BNA and created the constitutional act.

Question 39

government following the american revolution

Answer 39

britain was concerned other colonies would follow in americas footsteps, so they allowed limited democracy. governor could disallow bills. only male taxpayers/landowners could hold office or vote