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Historia > Colonial TIME > Flashcards

Colonial TIME Flashcards

1
Q

Columbas Sailed the Ocean Blue

A

1492

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2
Q

1534-1822

A

Colonial Time

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3
Q

Who Funded the Trip to the Americas

A
  • Queen Isabelle (SPAIN)
    -King Fernando
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4
Q

What is a COLONY?

A

A country under political control of another country, normally a distant one, occupied by settlers of that country.

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5
Q

Boats that arrived with Colombus.

A
  • Santa Maria
  • the Pinta
  • the Niña
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6
Q

Columbus first arrived in 1492 at _____________

A

SAN SALVADOR (“Holy Savior”)(Guanahani, baptized with a new name)

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7
Q

European Powers during the Time of the Colonial Period

A

PORTUGAL - opening trade routes to Asia
SPAIN - Sponsered bold explorers like Christopher Columbus and Hernan Cortes
ENGLAND - Set the Stage for the British Emp.
DUTCH REPUBLIC - Superior Navel Fleet, controlled trade networks, started the bank, established prosperous colonial empire in ASIA

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8
Q

Tech discovered in the Colonial Times

A
  • Astrolabe - Timekeeping, navigation
    *Caravel - Maneuverable ship
    *Compass
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9
Q

Motivations for Exploration of the Americas

A
  • Trade Routes - To Asia, Pass intermediaries
    *Colonial Ambitions - Expand territories, Secure Trade Advances
    *Wealth and Prestige
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10
Q

Consequences of the Colonial Period

A
  • Mutual Understanding
    *Cultural & Idea Exchange
  • Exploitation
    *Disease
  • Established Trade
  • Destruction of Indigenous ways of life
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11
Q

Impact of Global Trade and Colonization

A
  • New Trade Routes
  • Establishing Control over Ind. Pop
  • Colonies on every continent
  • Wealth, Resources, Materials
  • Drived EUROPEN nations into global prominence
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12
Q

LONG TERM EFFECTS on the World (Colonization)

A
  • GLOBAL TRADE network - Tech, culture, Economic Interdependence
  • Independence Movements - Resistance Movements, Dismantling European Empires
  • Cultural Syncretism - New Identity: “Mestizos”, New Ideas, Rich Tapestry of Traditions, “CRIOLLOS”
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13
Q

What is Sincretismo?

A

Mixing two cultures!
Ex. PacchaMamma and Catholicism

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14
Q

Mercantilism

A

*NOT Free trade
*Associated with Slavery
* MORE EXPORT THAN IMPORT
*government controls the colonies
*Restrictive Trade
*Goal was to increase supply of a state’s gold and silver with EXPORTS rather than depleting it through IMPORTS
* advocates for increasing a nation’s wealth by accumulating precious metals, primarily gold and silver, through a favorable balance of trade

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15
Q

Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Teriario

A

Agriculture
Industry
Services, Experiences

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16
Q

What is POTOSI?

A

*Originally a city in southern Bolivia known for riches (Gold, Silver)
* Now “Potosí” is synonymous with immense wealth

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17
Q

3 Aspects of Colonial Agricultural Economy

A
  1. Plantations: Large Scale, Cash Crops, 1 Crop
  2. Key Crops: Corn, Wheat, Tobacco
  3. Workforce: Relied on Servants, Slaved Aficans, and Free Laborers to Cultivate the Land
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18
Q

3 Aspects of Colonial Commercial Economy

A
  1. Triangle Trade
    (Europe, Africa, Americas)
  2. Trade Goods
    (Sugar, Rum, Tobacco, Cotton)
  3. Economic Developments
    (Growth of Cities)
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19
Q

Labor Exploitation Systems

A
  • Mano de Obra

MITAS
ECOMIENDAS
OBRAJES

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20
Q

What was MITAS?

A

Turno (shift)
- Incan Origin reformed by Colonizers
- Period of Obligatory Work that Indigenous Adult Males
- Salary Was Paid
- Textiles
- Crown distributed Work

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21
Q

What was Encomiendas?

A

Spanish settlers were granted the right to extract forced labor and tribute from Indigenous people in exchange for offering protection and Christianization

Encomendero Paid ECCLESIASTIC (Priest) Indigenous people had to pay a tribute to the Crown and as a payment for the benefit of Christianization

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22
Q

What was Obrajes?

A

*Clothes Production Centers
* Developed Especially in Countries w/o ancient knowledge
* Economic Power concentrated in the hands of large Textile Producers and Merchants
*They managed their own Factories rented from the Crown

23
Q

Spiritual Conquest of Colonization Period

A
  • Ecclesiastical Members- Evangelism
    *Imposed Christianity as an Ideological Horizon was their mechanism of exploitation
  • Church grew in ECONOMIC POWER - First landowner of the Audiencia
  • Richness attached to the Catholic Church
24
Q

18th Century Latin America

A
  • Gave Rise to CRIOLLO ELITES
    *EXTERNAL INFLUENCES: French Revolution, Economic Factors, Global Trade
    *Challenged Colonial Rule
    *Shift to Administrative Anatomy
25
Q

Impact of European Thought

A
  1. Intellectual Awakening
    - European Enlightenment, Emphasis on Reason, Individual Rights, Progress
  2. Political Reforms
    - Enlightenment Ideas - call for reform (constitutions, gov, authority)
  3. Social Change
    - Questioning Caste System
    - Advocating for a more Egalitarian system (equality)
26
Q

Influence of American and French Rev

A
  • Inspired Colonists to seek independence
    *Ideas: Liberty, Equality
    *Resinated with Criollo Elites
27
Q

What are the Bourbon Reforms?

A

*helped increase Spanish control and wealth
*fueled discontent among colonists
*played a role in the independence movements of Latin America

  • Reforms aimed at boosting colonial economies, such as promoting trade, reducing monopolies, and encouraging more direct control over resources.
    *New Taxes
    *Aid for the Silver and Mining Industry & Tax reductions
    *Free trade with Spanish Empire
28
Q

Rise of CRIOLLO ELITES

A
  • Education and Enlightenment

*Wealth & Land Ownership
- Power

  • Commercial Ventures
  • Winemaking, Profitable Commercial Activities
29
Q

Cause of War against Europe

A
  • Social Inequality
    *Influence of Enlightenment
  • Napoleonic Wars
30
Q

Who is Simón Bolivar?

A

*Military and Political Leader
*Liberation of Many S. American Countries
* Gran Colombia

31
Q

Who is José de San Martín?

A

*Argentine General
* Led the Southern Part of S. America to Independence

32
Q

Who is Miguel Hidalgo?

A
  • Mexican Priest
    *Initiated the Struggle for Mexican Independence (CRY of DOLORES)
33
Q

Major Battles for the fight against the Crown in Latin America.

A
  • BATTLE OF AYACUCHO
  • in Peru
  • Simon Bolivar

*HIDALGO’s REBELLION
*(cry of Dolores)
- Miguel Hidalgo’s uprising

*BATTLE OF BOYACÁ
- Simon Bolivar
- independence of New Granada (modern-day Colombia)

34
Q

Impacts of War against the Crown

A
  • End of Spanish Rule
  • Social Political Change
  • DEBT
    *National Identity - Shared Experiences
35
Q

After the War of Independence

A
  • Cultural Revival
    *Independence
    *Inspiration for Global Rev
  • Debt
    *Instability
36
Q

Gran Colombia

A
  • Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia Panama
  • 8 years (1822-1830)
37
Q

Constitution of Cucuta

A

1821 - Bolivar drafted
Established Central Gov
Abolished Slavery

38
Q

Latin America in 1900

A

*Impact of Colonial Legacies
*Dictators
* Transition to Democracy
* Challenges with Poverty, Inequality, Political Instability
*Coups, Revolutions

39
Q

Conservatives (RIGHT)

A
  • Conservative Values
  • Preserves Institutions and Hierachies
    -Protects what is established
  • Protects Traditional Values, Religion, Morals
  • Censorship
  • Protectionism
40
Q

Liberals (LEFT)

A
  • Individual Rights
  • Free Trade
  • Limited Gov.
  • Many Ideas, Not supported by budget
  • Separation of Powers of Civil Liberties and Human Rights
  • Populism
    -Progressive
  • More likely to participate in Global Services
41
Q

Claudillos on the _____
Dictators on the ______

A

Left, Right

42
Q

Who is Augusto Pinochet?

A

*led a coup d’état in 1973, overthrowing the democratically elected socialist president Salvador Allende.

*ruled Chile as a military dictator from 1973 to 1990

*Came to power through the US Military

*harsh authoritarian policies, including widespread human rights abuses, such as torture, extrajudicial executions, and the suppression of political opposition.

*Free market policies
*Economic Growth w foreign capitals

43
Q

______ emphasizes open competition and minimal restrictions
_______ restricts trade and competition to protect local industries.

A

free market
closed market

44
Q

Neoliberalism

A

*emphasizes free-market capitalism,
*Associated w/ Ronald Reagan
*advocates for reducing state involvement in the economy to promote efficiency, competition, and individual entrepreneurship.
* Economic Growth vs. Inequality
*Unemployment, poverty, and marginalization grew

45
Q

Post World War 2

A

*Neoliberalism is a pillar

46
Q

Well-known Dictators…

A
  • Fulgencio Bastista - Cuba
  • Juan Domingo Perdón - Argentina
  • Anastasio Somoza - Nicaragua
  • Jorge Rafael Videla - Argentina
    *Augusto Pinochet - Chile
47
Q

What is NAFTA

A
  • United States, Canada, and Mexico
  • trade agreement
  • reducing barriers to trade and investment between the three countries
48
Q

Who is Carlos Salmis?

A
  • Former President of Mexico
  • Privatization of State owed Enterprises
  • signing of NAFTA
49
Q

What are the Maquilas?

A

*People working & not well-paid
*Cheap Labor
*Sometimes on boats
*benefiting companies from wealthier nations

50
Q

what is the PINK TIDE?

A
  • Rafael Correa (Ecuador)
  • left-leaning or progressive governments
  • reduced dependence on the United States
  • wealth redistribution, nationalization of industries, and expanding social programs
  • Resistance to Dictatorships of Markets
  • Language of Populism
51
Q

What is POPULISM?

A
  • Lack of Economic Planning
  • seeks to represent the interests and desires of ordinary people (sympathy)
  • Reject Imperialism
  • Enemy to the Wealthy Class that has interests against working class
52
Q

Populist Characteristics

A
  • Normally Strong Leadership
    *Charismatic
  • Handsome, Young
  • Emotional Arguments
    *Proposals of Equality
53
Q

Who is Rafael Correa?

A
  • 2007-2017
  • Pink Tide
    *social programs, poverty reduction, and infrastructure project
  • Negotiating with China… for 30 yrs
  • anti-American stance
  • Corruption - Exile in Belgium
    *Sumak Kuawsay
54
Q

What is Sumak Kawsay?

A
  • Resists the ideal of Indigenous Social Project
  • Beautiful Splendid Way of Life
  • “We”
  • Wellbeing for All
  • Andean Concept

Historia (5 decks)

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