College week 3 Animal models Flashcards
What are the advantages of research on rodents in CAN?
-allows for closer examination of neurobiological mechanisms
-many interventions and methods are only allowed in animals
-translational value for humans
-less environmental and genetic variation in animals which facilitates causal interference
-facilitates longitudinal research->shorter lifespan and faster maturation
What are the disadvantages of research on rodents in CAN?
-differences between rodents and humans
-ethical concerns
-practical issues
-validity
-troubles interpreting behavior
-no verbal communication possible
-complexity of human environment can not be modelled
What are some similarities between rodents and humans?
-99% of human genes have a corresponding gene in non-human mammals
-the brain and biological systems
-development looks the same
What are some differences between humans and rodents?
-greater individual differences in humans
-difference in complexity of context
-relevant interventions do not exist for rodents
-biology
-developmental timing
-meaning of behavior
Hoe ziet maltreatment eruit in dieren vs mensen?
-meer vanuit chronic stress perspectief
-gaan vaak uit van specifieke maltreatment types
-vaak alleen neglect en physical abuse gemeten en dan puur als toevoeging wreedheid of niet goede caregiver hebben
How does naturally occurring abuse and rejection look in apes?
-hitting and biting infant
-dragging infant on ground by its tail
-other violent behavior such as stepping on the infant or throwing the infant a short distance
-prevalence 5-10%
What does high and low LG-ABN look like in rats?
-LG-ABN: pups are Licked and Groomed and mothers are Arched-Back Nursing the pups
-inbred strains are made from naturally occurring differences to create high and low LG-ABN
How does separation from the mother look like in apes and rats?
-apes: separation from mother between 3-6 months after birth multiple times a week
-rats: handling rat pups at regular intervals the first 10 days after birth, longer separations can be stressful
What does limited nesting looks like in rats?
-there is less zaagsel given to make a nest->simulates more fragmented/adversive caregiving
What does peer rearing look like in apes?
-seperated from mother at birth
-14 days hand feb, first 5 weeks alone with blanket and bottle
-then placed in cage with 3 other mates
How does aggression by non parental adult visitor look like in Nazca Booby birds?
-non-parental adult visitors have aggressive behavior towards nestlings when parents are away from the nest
Wat kan gezegd worden over de cycle of violence by Nazca Booby birds?
Omdat de non-parental adult visitors niet genetisch gerelateerd zijn aan de nestlings, lijkt het erop dat intergenerationele overdracht van het gedrag tenminste gedeeltelijk niet-genetisch is
Hoe ziet het cross-fostering design eruit?
-you have abusive and non-abusive mothers
-some of their offspring wil stay and some will stay with the other mother
-You get 4 groups: abuse/abuse, control/abusive, abusive/control, control/control
-all these groups get offspring and we can study them to see generational effects
What are the conclusions we can make from cross-fostering designs in apes?
-apes who are reared by abusive mothers are most of the time abusive to their offspring
-apes who are reared by non-abusive mothers are not abusive
-it looks like abusiveness is mediated by early experiences and not by genetic inheritance
-the effects are stronger with their own offspring, so gene-environment correlation
What does the HPS-axis dysregulation look like in humans and rodents?
-similar dysregulation
-elevated basal corticosterone levels
-hyper-reactivity in response to acute stressors
-impaired negative feedback
-less nesting leads to more CORT in rats, just like more rats in one space
What does the dysregulation of HPA-axis look like in apes?
-abused infants hebben grotere cortisol response op CRH dan controls
-abused infants vertoonden ook verzwakte ACTH secretie als reactie op CRH
-HPA hyperreactivity to challenge
-lange separatie van moeder geeft meer cortisol
Waardoor ontstaat de blunted ACTH response?
-rapid negative feedback may inhibit it
-a dysfunction of the mechanisms that regulate the pituitary’s response to hypothalamic CRH
Wat zijn de verschillen in de HPA axis bij apen en ratten?
-rodents: hyperreactivity
-apen: some evidence for hyporeactivity
-hangt erg af van type of maltreatment
