College 7

Question 1

J-curve theory

Answer 1

When a period of steady progress is suddenly disrupted by a sharp decline people get anxiety, frustrationsm and negative emotions, which can lead to social unrest.

Question 1

Solving free-riders problem

Answer 1

• strong bond of solidarity
• Adding groups (Goldstone)

Question 2

Individualism (reductionism)

Answer 2

Society is best understood by looking at individual actions, choices, and behaviors.

Question 3

Holism (non-reductionism)

Answer 3

Society is more than the sum of individuals.

Question 4

Ontology

Answer 4

Study of being

Question 5

Epistemology

Answer 5

Study of knowledge

Question 6

Problem of the remainder

Answer 6

Attempts to give individualstic defintions will always leave some social-level reaminder.

Question 7

Problem of multiple realizability

Answer 7

Social-level phenomena can be realized by very different arrangements at the individual level.

Question 8

Supervenience

Answer 8

A social group is not something separate form the people in it, bu a group can have features no single person has on their own.

Question 9

Downward causation (Durkheim)

Answer 9

Social structures can influence behavior of individuals at a lower level.

Question 10

Methodological individualsim (John Elster)

Answer 10

Explanations in social science should only refer to individuals and their actions.

Question 11

Explanatory holism

Answer 11

Explanations in social science need make no reference to individuals, they may only appeal to social-level entities or properties.