College 5 Flashcards
Wat weet je van de Buddha?
Shakyamuni, Siddhartha Gautama (480?-400? bce)
Lumbini (geboorteplaats)
Wat weet je van het leven van de Buddha?
- Body of the future Buddha is examined
- Siddhartha grew up in the palace
- The four encounters (oude man, ziek persoon, dood lichaam, asceet)
- Feast at night and the escape
- In the forest (Cutting of the hair, asceticism)
- Asceticism with five disciples
- The middle path, the offer of Sujata
- Bodh Gaya (boom waar hij verlicht werd)
Wat weet je van Mara?
- Daughters of Mara, Mara’s army –> the demonic celestial king who tempted Prince Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha) by trying to seduce him with the vision of beautiful women
- Goddess Earth as a witness (a young woman wringing the cool waters of detachment out of her hair to drown Mara, the demon sent to tempt Gautama Buddha as he meditated under the Bodhi Tree.)
Wat gebeurde na de verlichting?
- Donation of hairs to Tapussa and Bhallika
- First sermon in Sarnath
- Miracles:
- -> Sravasti (the Buddha emitted fire from the top half of his body and water from the bottom half of his body simultaneously, before alternating them and then expanding them to illuminate the cosmos)
- -> Parileyaka (bos waar hij honing kreeg van dieren)
- Kisagotami (Finally the realization struck her that there is no house free from mortality)
- Preaching on the Vulture’s Peak (ghrdhrakuta)
- Devadatta liet de olifant Nalagiri de Buddha aanvallen en viel daarna in de Avici hel
- Angulimala, the criminal who became an enlightened monk
- Ananda, favorite disciple of the Buddha
- Mahaparinirvana in Kushinagara (Kushinara)
Wat gebeurde er na de Mahaparinirvana?
- Crematie
- Relieken –> Tooth of Buddha, now in Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Buddhist community
- -> Monks, nuns, lay Buddhists (lay man, lay women)
Wat zijn de basic concepts van het Boeddhisme?
- Samsara: the world of incarnations
- Nirvana: world of enlightenment, where passions are blown out
- Karma: merits or demerits condition one’s next life (gods, hell, hungry ghosts, fighting demons, animals, humans)
Teaching of the Buddha, Sarnath
- everything is dukkha (duhkha: ‘suffering’)
- the cause is tanha (trsna: craving)
- craving can be solved (nirodhana)
- the path (magga, marga): right view, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
Buddhist characteristics of the world:
- Duhkha (dukkha), suffering, imperfection
- Anitya (anicca), impermanence
- Anatman (anatta), ‘no-self’, no personal soul
Buddhism, traditions
- Theravada, South-east Asia: conference of Rajagaha
- Mahayana, Central Asia, Himalayas, Japan, Vietnam: preaching on the Vulture’s peak
- Vajrayana, Central Asia, Himalayas, Japan, Vietnam: Terma tradition, hidden messages
- Navayana, modern, ‘western’ Buddhism, all over the globe: MEDITATION
Wat weet je van Asoka?
- Battle of Kalinga - Edicts
Na een bloedige en gewelddadige overwinning in de oorlog om Kalinga kreeg hij spijt van het leed dat hij met deze oorlog anderen had aangedaan en bekeerde zich tot het boeddhisme.
Buddhism on the Silk Road: mahayana/vajrayana
• Importance of Bodhisattvas: enlightened beings who share the
wisdom of the Buddha, but do not enter nirvana. They continue assisting all those suffering in samsara, in this world
• Lay practitioners: donations, supporting others, supporting monks, founding of monasteries
• Karmic rewards
• Blessings for trade
• Asoka’s son Kunala
• Tapussa and Bhallika to Balkh in Afghanistan
Bodhisattva’s qualifications
- Wisdom (prajna)
- Compassion (metta, karuna)
- Bodhisattva’s vows: ‘I will exert for the wellbeing of all sentient beings!’’
Avalokiteshvara/ Kwan yin
Een bodhisattva die de compassie van alle boeddha’s belichaamt.
Dit is de Chinese interpretatie daarvan (godin van mededogen en de zee)
Buddhism in China
- Han dynasty 50 ce
- Dream of the emperor Ming of a golden man
- Two monks: Dharmaratna and Kashyapamatanga came to China 67 ce
- Temple of the white horse
Buddhist schools in China
• Pure land --> western paradise of Amitabha (Sukhavati) • Tantra • Ch’an (Zen) --> Huiken --> Dharani (Buddhist prayer for safety --> Shaolin monastery
