Collectivisation and its consequences

Question 1

What was Collectivisation?

Answer 1

merging small farms into large, mechanised farms where work and resources could be shared - led to greater efficiency

Question 2

What was Collectivisation an attempt to solve?

Answer 2

• Grain Procurement Crisis

- therefore part of it was persecution of Kulaks

Question 3

What were Kulaks?

Answer 3

rich peasants, blamed for hoarding grain during Grain Procurement Crisis

Question 4

What were the 6 stages of collectivisation?

Answer 4

• Emergency measures
• Dekulakisation
• 25 Thousanders
• ‘Dizzy with Success’
• Collectivisation restarts
• Collectivisation complete

Question 5

What took place in the Emergency measures stage of collectivisation?

Answer 5

• first stage - 1928
• Rationing introduced
• Requisitioning introduced

Question 6

What is Requisitioning?

Answer 6

demand the use or supply of (something) by official order

Question 7

What took place in the Dekulakisation stage of collectivisation?

Answer 7

• second stage - 1929
• compulsory collectivisation
• Kulaks rounded up, exiled by Red Army and Secret Police

Question 8

What took place in the 25 Thousanders stage of collectivisation?

Answer 8

• third stage - 1929

- 27000 volunteers sent to countryside to assist with dekulakisation

Question 9

What took place in the ‘Dizzy with Success’ stage of collectivisation?

Answer 9

• 4th stage - 1930

- Stalin halted compulsory collectivisation - blamed chaos in countryside on party members being ‘dizzy with success’

Question 10

What took place in the ‘collectivisation restarts’ stage of collectivisation?

Answer 10

• 5th stage - 1931

- forced collectivisation begins again at a slower pace

Question 11

When was Collectivisation complete?

Answer 11

• 6th stage - 1941

- all Russian farms collectivised

Question 12

Where were the 3 main areas collectivisation impacted?

Answer 12

• caused famine
• rural areas
• urban areas

Question 13

What 4 factors led to the 1932-1934 famine?

Answer 13

• Dekulakisation removed most successful peasants from farms
• Forced Collectivisation led to destruction of grain and livestock - 1929-38 18m horses, 10m sheep & goats destroyed by peasants in protest of collectivisation
• Government set unrealistic targets for new collective farms - farms which failed to meet target had grain confiscated
• less grain produced - yet more grain exported to fund industrialisation - massive shortage

Question 14

How many people died in the 1932-34 famine?

Answer 14

over 10m people

Question 15

How did collectivisation impact rural areas?

Answer 15

• Dekulakisation - 10m peasants exiled
• 1933 harvet 10m tonnes less than 1926
• 1932 - Machine tractor stations supplied 75’000 tractors to collective farms

Question 16

What were Machine tractor stations?

Answer 16

government-owned tractor depots from which tractors could be rented by collective farms

Question 17

How did collectivisation impact urban areas?

Answer 17

• standard of living fell sharply - bread rationed - 1932 66% reduction of workers protein intake
• famines in countryside caused urbanisation - 3x population in some cities between 1930-40