Collectivisation Flashcards
What policy did Collectivisation end?
The New Economic Policy.
Who introduced Collectivisation?
Joseph Stalin.
What was the purpose of Stalin’s agricultural and industrial plans?
To modernize the USSR and follow a socialist path.
What ideological goal was behind Collectivisation?
To socialize the peasantry and proletarianize society.
What political reason motivated Collectivisation?
To destroy the mir (peasant communes).
How did economic factors justify Collectivisation?
To address the grain procurement crisis and support the Five-Year Plan.
When was Collectivisation introduced?
In 1928.
What percentage of farms were collectivised by 1929?
Less than 5%.
How did Stalin perceive the role of kulaks in the grain crisis?
He believed they were hoarding grain.
What did Stalin announce in December 1929?
The liquidation of kulaks as a class.
What group was tasked with enforcing Collectivisation?
The Twenty-Five Thousanders.
How did local officials react to denouncing kulaks?
They were often reluctant.
What decree was issued on February 1, 1930?
Local parties could use ‘necessary measures’ against kulaks.
What was a common peasant response to Collectivisation?
Riots and destroying livestock or grain.
By March 1930, what percentage of households were collectivised?
58%.
What article did Stalin write in response to rapid collectivisation?
‘Dizzy with Success.’
What temporary change followed this article?
A return to voluntary collectivisation.
By October 1930, what percentage of farms remained collectivised?
20%.
When did Collectivisation resume at full speed?
In 1931, after the spring crop was sown.
By what year was 100% of households collectivised?
By 1941.
How did some peasants resist?
By rioting and destroying property.
How long did one major riot last?
Five days.
What role did propaganda play?
It encouraged peasants to support Collectivisation and vilified kulaks.
How did Collectivisation affect agricultural efficiency?
Larger plots were expected to be more efficient and mechanised.
What was the role of experts in Collectivisation?
To advise peasants.
How did Collectivisation support industrial growth?
By freeing up labor for factories.
What were kulaks?
Wealthier peasants who owned more land and were seen as class enemies.
Who were the Twenty-Five Thousanders?
Urban activists sent to enforce Collectivisation.
What was the mir?
Traditional peasant communes.
What caused a drop in collectivised farms in 1930?
Stalin’s temporary retreat to voluntary collectivisation.
How did the countryside react to forced collectivisation?
With chaos and resistance.
By 1941, what was the status of farming in the USSR?
Fully collectivised.
What economic challenge sparked Collectivisation?
The grain procurement crisis.
What was the ideological aim of collectivising agriculture?
To align with socialism.
What role did the OGPU play?
Backing up the enforcement of policies.
How did the ‘necessary measures’ decree empower local parties?
By allowing them to take extreme actions against kulaks.
Why was Collectivisation described as ‘two sides of the same coin’?
It was linked to both agricultural and industrial goals.
What crisis preceded Collectivisation?
A 25% drop in grain procurement.
What was the ultimate goal of Collectivisation?
To modernize Soviet agriculture and support industrialization.
How did Stalin justify Collectivisation despite its challenges?
By emphasizing its ideological and economic importance.
