Collectivisation

Question 1

What policy did Collectivisation end?

Answer 1

The New Economic Policy.

Question 2

Who introduced Collectivisation?

Answer 2

Joseph Stalin.

Question 3

What was the purpose of Stalin’s agricultural and industrial plans?

Answer 3

To modernize the USSR and follow a socialist path.

Question 4

What ideological goal was behind Collectivisation?

Answer 4

To socialize the peasantry and proletarianize society.

Question 5

What political reason motivated Collectivisation?

Answer 5

To destroy the mir (peasant communes).

Question 6

How did economic factors justify Collectivisation?

Answer 6

To address the grain procurement crisis and support the Five-Year Plan.

Question 7

When was Collectivisation introduced?

Answer 7

In 1928.

Question 8

What percentage of farms were collectivised by 1929?

Answer 8

Less than 5%.

Question 9

How did Stalin perceive the role of kulaks in the grain crisis?

Answer 9

He believed they were hoarding grain.

Question 10

What did Stalin announce in December 1929?

Answer 10

The liquidation of kulaks as a class.

Question 11

What group was tasked with enforcing Collectivisation?

Answer 11

The Twenty-Five Thousanders.

Question 12

How did local officials react to denouncing kulaks?

Answer 12

They were often reluctant.

Question 13

What decree was issued on February 1, 1930?

Answer 13

Local parties could use ‘necessary measures’ against kulaks.

Question 14

What was a common peasant response to Collectivisation?

Answer 14

Riots and destroying livestock or grain.

Question 15

By March 1930, what percentage of households were collectivised?

Answer 15

58%.

Question 16

What article did Stalin write in response to rapid collectivisation?

Answer 16

‘Dizzy with Success.’

Question 17

What temporary change followed this article?

Answer 17

A return to voluntary collectivisation.

Question 18

By October 1930, what percentage of farms remained collectivised?

Answer 18

20%.

Question 19

When did Collectivisation resume at full speed?

Answer 19

In 1931, after the spring crop was sown.

Question 20

By what year was 100% of households collectivised?

Answer 20

By 1941.

Question 21

How did some peasants resist?

Answer 21

By rioting and destroying property.

Question 22

How long did one major riot last?

Answer 22

Five days.

Question 23

What role did propaganda play?

Answer 23

It encouraged peasants to support Collectivisation and vilified kulaks.

Question 24

How did Collectivisation affect agricultural efficiency?

Answer 24

Larger plots were expected to be more efficient and mechanised.

Question 25

What was the role of experts in Collectivisation?

Answer 25

To advise peasants.

Question 26

How did Collectivisation support industrial growth?

Answer 26

By freeing up labor for factories.

Question 27

What were kulaks?

Answer 27

Wealthier peasants who owned more land and were seen as class enemies.

Question 28

Who were the Twenty-Five Thousanders?

Answer 28

Urban activists sent to enforce Collectivisation.

Question 29

What was the mir?

Answer 29

Traditional peasant communes.

Question 30

What caused a drop in collectivised farms in 1930?

Answer 30

Stalin’s temporary retreat to voluntary collectivisation.

Question 31

How did the countryside react to forced collectivisation?

Answer 31

With chaos and resistance.

Question 32

By 1941, what was the status of farming in the USSR?

Answer 32

Fully collectivised.

Question 33

What economic challenge sparked Collectivisation?

Answer 33

The grain procurement crisis.

Question 34

What was the ideological aim of collectivising agriculture?

Answer 34

To align with socialism.

Question 35

What role did the OGPU play?

Answer 35

Backing up the enforcement of policies.

Question 36

How did the ‘necessary measures’ decree empower local parties?

Answer 36

By allowing them to take extreme actions against kulaks.

Question 37

Why was Collectivisation described as ‘two sides of the same coin’?

Answer 37

It was linked to both agricultural and industrial goals.

Question 38

What crisis preceded Collectivisation?

Answer 38

A 25% drop in grain procurement.

Question 39

What was the ultimate goal of Collectivisation?

Answer 39

To modernize Soviet agriculture and support industrialization.

Question 40

How did Stalin justify Collectivisation despite its challenges?

Answer 40

By emphasizing its ideological and economic importance.