Collective Action Flashcards
According to Siegel (2009), how do tightly clustered networks affect collective action?
A) They weaken participation by isolating members
B) They amplify participation through peer reinforcement
C) They inhibit mobilization by limiting communication
D) They reduce the need for collective action
B) They amplify participation through peer reinforcement
What is the key mechanism in Siegel’s threshold model of participation?
A) Individual thresholds for participation based on risk and incentives
B) The cost of collective action
C) Government suppression of movements
D) The availability of physical resources
A) Individual thresholds for participation based on risk and incentives
Which type of actor is most likely to catalyze collective action, according to Siegel (2009)?
A) Peripheral actors with few connections
B) Actors who avoid taking public positions
C) Isolated individuals outside the network
D) Central actors with extensive network influence
D) Central actors with extensive network influence
Siegel (2009) suggests that policymakers and activists can better strategize mobilization efforts by:
A) Increasing the risks of participation
B) Focusing exclusively on peripheral actors
C) Targeting central players and key clusters within networks
D) Avoiding tightly clustered networks
C) Targeting central players and key clusters within networks
What is one key implication of Siegel’s analysis for understanding collective action?
A) Collective action depends primarily on economic incentives
B) Network structures significantly shape mobilization dynamics
C) Social networks are irrelevant to political participation
D) Tightly clustered networks always hinder mobilization
B) Network structures significantly shape mobilization dynamics
What structural role do online media platforms play in mobilizing collective action, according to Chen et al (2021)?
A) They centralize all organizational activities
B) They connect dispersed individuals, reducing logistical barriers
C) They create rigid hierarchies for movement leaders
D) They focus on offline coordination only
B) They connect dispersed individuals, reducing logistical barriers
How do online platforms facilitate communication and information sharing during collective action?
A) By providing real-time updates and enabling public discourse
B) By limiting information dissemination to key organizers
C) By restricting communication to closed groups
D) By avoiding controversial issues
A) By providing real-time updates and enabling public discourse
According to Chen et al. (2021), how do algorithms on online media platforms influence collective action?
A) They prevent clustering of like-minded individuals
B) They reinforce echo chambers, enhancing solidarity
C) They suppress content related to mobilization
D) They weaken motivation by spreading diverse views
B) They reinforce echo chambers, enhancing solidarity
What risk is associated with the use of online media for mobilization, as noted by Chen et al. (2021)?
A) High costs of participation
B) Inability to scale up movements
C) Over-reliance on offline networks
D) Misinformation and surveillance
D) Misinformation and surveillance
Emotional and moral appeals in online media content contribute to mobilization by:
A) Encouraging apathy among potential participants
B) Strengthening individuals’ motivation through shared grievances
C) Reducing individuals’ emotional attachment to the cause
D) Limiting the spread of viral content
B) Strengthening individuals’ motivation through shared grievances
What is the primary benefit of tightly-knit refugee networks, according to Masterson (2024)?
A) Greater access to external resources
B) Increased integration into host communities
C) Strong bonding ties that facilitate mutual aid
D) Elimination of economic barriers
C) Strong bonding ties that facilitate mutual aid
What are bonding ties in the context of refugee networks?
A) Connections with NGOs and host communities
B) Weak, informal connections among refugees
C) Relationships with governmental institutions
D) Strong internal ties within the refugee community
D) Strong internal ties within the refugee community
What is the role of bridging ties in refugee networks?
A) They reinforce internal community support
B) They connect refugees to external resources and institutions
C) They discourage integration with host communities
D) They limit cooperation among refugee groups
B) They connect refugees to external resources and institutions
According to Masterson (2024), what challenges hinder the formation of bridging ties?
A) Economic isolation and language barriers
B) Excessive reliance on host communities
C) Lack of internal community support
D) Overrepresentation in policymaking processes
A) Economic isolation and language barriers
Masterson (2024) suggests that policy interventions should focus on:
A) Strengthening bonding ties exclusively
B) Facilitating connections between refugees and host communities
C) Restricting refugees’ access to formal networks
D) Discouraging cooperation within refugee groups
B) Facilitating connections between refugees and host communities
What is a key characteristic of a small-world network?
A) Nodes are all directly connected to each other
B) No connections between different groups
C) Exclusively long-range connections with no local clusters
D) High local clustering and short average path lengths
D) High local clustering and short average path lengths
In small-world networks, what does “high clustering” refer to?
A) The presence of long-range connections
B) Many nodes within a group are interconnected
C) Nodes are evenly distributed without forming clusters
D) All nodes are connected to every other node in the network
B) Many nodes within a group are interconnected
What phenomenon is often associated with small-world networks?
A) Six degrees of separation
B) Isolation of nodes
C) Information bottlenecks
D) Random dispersion of connections
A) Six degrees of separation
How do “long-range connections” affect small-world networks?
A) They increase the average path length between nodes
B) They decrease the average path length, connecting distant clusters
C) They isolate nodes within tightly knit groups
D) They reduce the efficiency of information spread
B) They decrease the average path length, connecting distant clusters
Which of the following is an example of a small-world network?
A) A chain of individuals where each person is connected to only two others
B) A highly centralized network with one dominant node
C) The World Wide Web, with dense local links and occasional cross-links
D) A completely random network with no clustering
C) The World Wide Web, with dense local links and occasional cross-links
Why are small-world networks considered efficient for information spread?
A) They have long path lengths and no local clusters
B) Their balance of local clustering and long-range links facilitates communication
C) They isolate clusters to prevent misinformation
D) They rely on a central node to disseminate information
B) Their balance of local clustering and long-range links facilitates communication
Which domain is NOT commonly associated with small-world networks?
A) Social networks
B) Biological networks
C) Technological networks
D) Geometrically rigid systems
D) Geometrically rigid systems
In a circle network, each node is connected to:
A) Every other node in the network
B) Only two other nodes in a closed loop
C) A central hub node
D) Randomly selected nodes
B) Only two other nodes in a closed loop
What is a major limitation of a circle network?
A) It lacks local clustering
B) It cannot form long-range connections
C) It is highly vulnerable to disruption by the removal of a single link
D) It has an unequal distribution of connections
C) It is highly vulnerable to disruption by the removal of a single link
Compared to small-world networks, circle networks:
A) Have longer path lengths between nodes, slowing information diffusion
B) Spread information more efficiently due to their simple structure
C) Contain highly clustered groups and long-range connections
D) Are more robust to link disruptions
A) Have longer path lengths between nodes, slowing information diffusion
What structural feature of circle networks implies equality among nodes?
A) Nodes have exactly two connections, creating a uniform structure
B) Centralized hubs connect all nodes
C) Nodes have random degrees of connection
D) Each node forms a highly connected cluster
A) Nodes have exactly two connections, creating a uniform structure