Centrality, power, inequality Flashcards
What is the main argument of Granovetter (1973): The Strength of Weak Ties?
Weak ties (acquaintances) are often more valuable than strong ties for spreading information and opportunities.
How are “weak ties” defined?
Weak ties are infrequent, emotionally weaker connections that link people in different social groups.
What role do weak ties play in social networks?
They serve as bridges between disconnected groups, facilitating information flow across diverse networks.
How do weak ties impact social mobility?
They increase access to diverse job opportunities and information, aiding career advancement and social connections.
What is a “structural hole” in social networks? (Burt, 2004)
A gap between disconnected groups that can be bridged by a single individual, known as a broker.
Why are brokers important for innovation?
Brokers access diverse information and perspectives from different groups, encouraging creative and unique ideas.
How does Burt describe the advantage of network position over personal abilities?
Network position, particularly bridging structural holes, often enables idea generation and influence more than inherent abilities.
How can structural holes provide a competitive edge?
By connecting otherwise isolated groups, brokers gain influence and access to new opportunities, enhancing organizational success.
What does “degree centrality” measure?
The number of direct connections a node has, indicating how well-connected it is.
What does “closeness centrality” measure?
The average distance from one node to all others, showing a node’s reachability in spreading information.
What does “betweenness centrality” measure?
The extent to which a node lies on the shortest paths between others, indicating its role as a gatekeeper.
How does “eigenvector centrality” differ from other centralities?
It measures influence by considering both a node’s connections and the importance of those connected nodes.
What is the relationship between power and network structure?
Power is derived from network position, especially for those who control resources or access between groups.
What are “politically charged networks”?
Networks where actors compete for power and influence in a political or adversarial context.
How do individuals gain power in politically charged networks?
Through structural position (like centrality) and control over key resources that others need.
