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History > Collapse of International Peace (before WW2) > Flashcards

Collapse of International Peace (before WW2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was important about the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A

1939, non aggression pact
1. Internationalism abandoned
2. Hitler won’t have to fight a 2-front war
3. Exposed Britain and France hope that Germany and USSR will fight
4. Shows that Britain fears Stalin as much as Hitler
5. Stalin gets time to develop his forces
6. Pact gives confidence to Hitler to defy Britain and France

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2
Q

When and what was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A

1939, non aggression pact

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3
Q

Who was involved in the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A

Germany(Hitler) and USSR(Stalin)
Ministers in charge: Ribbentrop and Molotov

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4
Q

What was Stalin afraid of that made him sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact, what reasons did he sign it?

A

He was afraid of a German invasion of the USSR, as it was in a weakened state due to ‘The Great Purge’. Stalin was also interested in the sectret deal: USSR get half of Poland when/if it were to be invaded.

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5
Q

Which negotiations occurred concerning the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A

USSR tried to make a pact with Britain and France even though they did not trust them fully, but Britain was as afraid of Stalin as of Hitler. This means they did not work towards a pact. However, Hitler had his reasons to sign a pact with the USSR, and this was accepted.

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6
Q

What does the Nazi-Soviet pact consist of?

A

Mutual Non-Aggression/Non-intervention, and a secret clause that said they would share Poland after it is invaded.

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7
Q

What did Hitler gain from the Nazi-soviet pact?

A

He didn’t have to fight a two sided war, and he could break this pact any time to invade the USSR anyway

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8
Q

What were Britain’s interests towards Hitler in 1933?

A
  • Did not like him
  • Saw him as a potential ally vs communism
  • thought Germany and USSR might fight and weaken each other
  • Prepared to break clauses of the treaty
  • wanted to maintain peace for themselves at all costs
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9
Q

Describe the increase of Germany´s forces in 1932-1939

A

Warship : 30 —> 95
Aircraft : 36 —> 8250
Soldiers : 100,000 —> 950,000

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10
Q

What was Hitler’s foreign policy?

A

CRUT
COMMUNISM must be eradicated
REARM to levels equivalent to before WWI
UNITE - Undo Locarno border changes
TERRITORY must be reclaimed

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11
Q

What tools/strategies did Hitler use to rise to power?

A

Anti-semitism
Communist resentment (FYI communist workers had raised the Ruhr strikes and were known as factors or political instability — as seen in Russia)
General fear
Promise of employment
hate of the treaties
(FYI : and murder. search “Night of the Long knives” if you want to know more.)

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12
Q

Who was fighting in the Spanish civil war?

A

Far right General Franco vs Nationalist Government

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13
Q

Who got involved in the Spanish Civil War?

A

Mussolini & Hitler pledge non-agression, then support Franco anyway
USSR support left-wing nationalists
USA, France & Britain sing non-aggression pact

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14
Q

When and Where was bombed?

A

Guernica, 1937

Revealing the horrors of modern warfare

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15
Q

Describe the Saar plebiscite
How did Hitler win and by how much?

A

1935
Saar is between France and Germany. nice coal mines.
was under League of Nation patronage after WWI.

After a while, the League they organised a popular vote (plebiscite) to decide if Saar should reunite with Germany or be integrated to France.

Joseph Goebbels, propaganda minister, did so well that over 90% of population voted for German reunification. This boosted hitlers confidence.

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16
Q

Describe the remilitarisation of Rhineland in 1936
Why did Hitler well chose time and place?
What excuses/arguments/reasons did he have?

A

The league and its members were busy with the Abyssinia conflict.
Britain felt sympathetic for Germany, believing they had the right to defend their own borders.

USSR & France had signed a mutual assistance pact against Germany.

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17
Q

Why was marching into the rhineland a risky gamble?

A

Hitlers forces could not defend themselves if attacked. They pretended to be powerful, but if France reacted, Hitlers generals would have been defeated and probably revolted against Hitler.

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18
Q

In what ways did Britain help Germany dismantle the treaty of Versailles?

A

1935 treaty with Germany,
- Allowing Germany to have navy size up to 35% of Brit navy
- Sudetenland given away in appeasement in 1939

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19
Q

What were the consequences of the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A

EMPTY

20
Q

What were Chamberlain’s options in the late 1930s?

A
  • Isolation and pacifism
  • Appeasement
  • Alliances
  • Armament
  • war
  • appeal to League

What do you think was the best option?

21
Q

What caused Stalin to sign the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A

EMPTY

22
Q

How much larger did GB believe Germany’s forces were (%) ?

A

Only 45% of what was believed

23
Q

What happens in March of 1939?
‘The end of the appeasement’

A

March 1939 - end of appeasement
Hitler invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
Against Munich agreement
One step too far for Chamberlain
Threatens to declare war on Germany if they invade Poland

24
Q

Why did the Spanish Civil war lead to WWII?

A

Hitler is confident that Britain and France will not intervene
Reinforces Mussolini’s and Hitler’s forces
USSR loses trust in GB and France
Increase of military : mainly Gb and France, massive rearmament
Increases bond between Hitler and Mussolini

25
Q

Who fought in the Spanish Civil war ?

A

The main antagonists were the Nationalists rebels, under General Franco, and the Republicans at the power. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolini’s Italy and Nazi Germany. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America.

26
Q

What prompted Spanish civil war?

A

Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified oppostions within the Spanish people. Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election in 1936 brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war.

27
Q

When was the Sudetenland dispute?

A

1938

28
Q

How many Germans lived in the Sudetenland 1938?

A

3 Million

29
Q

Why was the Sudentenland strategic?

A

It was a mountain range, Czeckoslovakias only natural defence, and had important Military bases.

30
Q

What were Hitlers demands regarding the Sudetenland?
Did he change these?

A

He initially declared his intentions to take the Sudentenland.
A few months later, when the tension was at a peak, Chamberlain visited Hitler to discuss, and they agree to give him a part of the Sudetenland, but nothing more.
4 days later, Hitler takes his word back, saying he regrets his descisions and wants the entire Sudetenland, to which Chamberlain refuses.

31
Q

What was the Munich agreement?

A

A last minute arrangement arranged by Mussolini, where Germany, Britain, france and Italy were invited. NOT USSR (this deepens Stalins mistrust) nor Czeckoslovakia itself.
They agree to give the Sudetenland to Hitler in the end.

32
Q

What was the Axis? How was it formed?

A

Originally called anti-comintern pact (1936 - also called German-Japanese pact)
The Comintern was a communist organisation trying to turn other countries into communism
Japanese pact, signed by both Germany and Italy

33
Q

What does Japan do in 1937?

A

Invades large portion of China

34
Q

How does the creation of the Axis lead to WWII?

A

Unites Japan, Germany and Italy against a common enemy: communism
GB and France are afraid that they could not win war agains the tripe Axis because Japan was so far away, thus harder to defeat.

35
Q

When was the Anchluss?

A

1938

36
Q

What caused Schuschnigg to call the Anchluss plebiscite?

A

Due to Hitler ordering the Austrian Nazis to cause havoc, then proposing to help with the situation if Austria joins Germany.

37
Q

How did the Anchluss plebiscite go?

A

99.75% Win

38
Q

Did anyone intervene the Anchluss plebiscite?

A

Hitler sent German forces to ‘regulate’ and ‘protect’ the plebiscite

39
Q

Had Hitler tried to merge with Austria before 1938?

A

Yes, in 1934, but he was stopped by Mussolini

40
Q

How did other countries react to the Anschluss in 1938 ?
GB, France, USA, Italy, USSR, Others, Switzerland

A

GB - To late to do anything but go to war, which isn’t worth it.
France - get Czechoslovakia and Co to sign the Little Entente (La petite entente)
USA - doesn’t really care
Italy - not happy (wanted parts of Austria) but keeps quiet, to stay on Germany’s side
USSR - Stalin wants to stop Hitler, but lack of support
Others - rearm
Switzerland - neutral

41
Q

Why did GB choose to follow appeasement?
Military reasons

A
  • Britains weapons are out of date
  • US might not support GB
  • Commonwealth might not support GB because threatened by Japan, e.g. India, Singapore, …
42
Q

Why did GB choose to follow appeasement?
Public opinion

A
  • Some thought treaty of Versailles was unfair
  • Hitler might defeat communism after all
43
Q

Why did GB choose to follow appeasement?
Economic reasons

A
  • Britain had large debts
44
Q

What are reasons against appeasement

A
  • Hitler is not trustworthy
  • Germany is getting stronger by the minute, must be stopped asap
  • Hitler taking increasingly large risks
  • Hitler’s allies are getting agressives
  • Appeasement gives USSR the impression that Gb will do nothing if it is invaded
45
Q

Why did GB choose to follow appeasement?
Fear

A
  • Fear of communism, while Hitler was anti-communist
  • Fear of repeating casualties like WWI
  • Fear of Germany, which is very strong
46
Q

What was Frances line of defence against Germany called?

A

The ‘Maginot Line’

History (10 decks)

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