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pharmacy otc learning > Colds And Flu > Flashcards

Colds And Flu Flashcards

0
Q

What is a post viral cough?

A

A dry cough which may persist for up to 2-3 weeks after the cold/flu has gone

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1
Q

What are the symptoms of a cold?

A

symptoms usually develop over a couple of days in a common sequence usually starting with:
- sore throat, sneezing, runny nose & watery eyes

A cough may also develop

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a flu?

A

Symptoms usually start 1-4 days after picking up virus

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3
Q

What is the importance of flu vaccinations?

A

They are important for people with chronic health
conditions eg. asthma

Patients with chronic health conditions are encouraged to vaccinate every year because the virus changes and immunity can wane

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4
Q

What medicine can be given for flu?

A

The Tamiflu antiviral medicine can be sold by pharmacists all year round to people with flu symptoms or who have been exposed to the flu (best when given within 48h)

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5
Q

What are the main symptoms to be aware of when counselling for cold and flu?

A

sore ears,
headache,
rashes or
high
temperature

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6
Q

What are the important medical conditions to look out for when counselling for cold and flu?

A

Asthma

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7
Q

When should patients be referred to the pharmacist?

A

Age:.under 6 years or over 65 years

Symptoms: high temperature, cough causing chest pain, or cough for more than 10 days, coughs up coloured mucus (could be infection), rash, severe headache (refer to doctor immediately - check for meningitis), ear or face pain (possible sinus infection)

Medical conditions e.g. asthma - feels very unwell
Pregnant or breastfeeding

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8
Q

What are the common ingredients in cold and flu products?

A 
Analgesics
Decongestants
Saline containing nasal sprays, drops, irrigations,
Antihistamines,
Cough suppressants, 
Cough mucolytics and expectorants
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9
Q

What are examples of analgesics used in cold and flu medications?

A

Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Codeine

These relieve pain and lower high temperature.

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10
Q

What are examples of decongestants used in cold and flu medications?

A

Phenylephrine (oral decongestant)
oxymetazoline, (nasal decongestant, quick onset.)
xylometazoline, (nasal decongestant, quick onset.

These stop runny noses and stop congestion

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11
Q

What are saline containing nasal sprays, drops and irrigations good for?

A

Help to liquefy mucus and soothe inflamed nasal passages
Safe for babies and pregnant women

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12
Q

What are examples of antihistamines used in cold and flu medications?

A

Sedating:
chlorpheniramine,
doxylamine,
bropheniramine

Non-sedating:
Fexofenadine, loratadine

These help to dry up a runny nose.

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13
Q

What are examples of cough suppressants used in cold and flu medications?

A

pholcodine, dextromethorphan, codeine

These stop the urge to cough, to treat a dry irritating cough.

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14
Q

What are examples of expectorants and mucolytics used in cold and flu medications?

A

Expectorant: guiaphenesin
Mucolytic: bromhexine

These help to thin and liquefy mucous and phlegm in the chest.

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15
Q

What is the law regarding the sale of cold and flu medications in children?

A

Medicines Act prohibits products containing the following ingredients to be sold for use in children aged less than 6 years:
– Dextromethorphan
– Pholcodine
– Guaiphenesin
– Phenylephrine
– Pseudoephedrine (now prescription only)
– Sedating antihistamines (doxylamine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine,
tripolidine, promethazine and diphenhydramine)

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16
Q

What are the precautions associated with ibuprofen and aspirin?

A

Ibuprofen & aspirin (+ other NSAID analgesics)– avoid for asthma, stomach ulcers

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17
Q

What are the precautions regarding codeine?

A

Codeine is an addictive substance and should not be used for more than 3
days
– May also cause constipation, and in some people, drowsiness

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18
Q

What are the precaution regarding decongestants?

A

Oral decongestants - Caution use in people with prostate conditions or high blood pressure as it may worsen the condition

Nasal decongestants - Use for a maximum 3 days to avoid rebound congestion in nose

19
Q

What are the precautions regarding sedating antihistamines?

A

Sedating antihistamines cause drowsiness.
– Warn about driving & operating machinery and avoiding alcohol.
– Avoid in people with glaucoma, men with prostate problems, and in the elderly.

20
Q

What further advice can be given to customers regarding cold and flu?

A
  • Wash hands frequently, Especially before preparing food and attending to young children
  • Use disposable tissues - once, and throw away
  • Cough or sneeze into crook of arm if no tissues immediately available
  • Stay home while unwell to avoiding spreading the virus
  • Specialised tissues – anti-viral, aloe vera or menthol impregnated – can
    help soothe the nose
  • Elderberry extract, vitamin C, Zinc, Ginseng (Siberian), andrographis, and
    echinacea are natural health supplements which may help lessen the length of the colds or the flu – consider as add-on sales

• Keep up a regular fluid intake

21
Q

What are examples of add on sales that can be suggested to customers buying cold and flu medications?

A

Natural health supplements: Vitamin C, Zinc, Siberian ginseng, andrographis, Echinacea, garlic, propolis, elderberry

Tissues:
With Aloe Vera - softer on chapped noses
With menthol - helps clear nasal passages

22
Q

What does Codral4flu contain?

A

Each tablet contains
Paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
Codeine Phosphate 9.5mg- analgesic for pain relief
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5mg - oral decongestant
Chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg - sedating antihistamine to aid sleep and dry up runny nose

23
Q

What should patients be warned about if purchasing Codral4flu?

A

Codeine is an addictive substance and should not be used for more than 3 days at a time

Chlorpheniramine may cause drowsiness and affect ability to drive or operate machinery.

24
Q

What does Codral Nighttime contain?

A

Each Tablet contains:
paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
phenylephrine HCL 5mg - oral decongestant which works throughout the night.
chlorpheniramine 2mg - sedating antihistamine aids sleep

25
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Codral Nighttime?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years

Chlorpheniramine is a sedating antihistamine and may cause drowsiness and/or affect ability to operate machinery

26
Q

What does Codral PE Cold & Flu contain?

A

Each tablet contains
paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
codeine phosphate 9.5mg - analgesic for pain relief
phenylephrine HCL 5mg - oral decongestant

27
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Codral PE Cold & Flu?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years.

Codeine is an addictive substance and should not be used for more than 3 days at a time

28
Q

What are the examples of cold and flu medications in the form of tablets/caplets/capsules?

A 
Codral4Flu
Codral Nighttime
Codral PE Cold & Flu
Dimetapp PE Sinus Pain
Dimetapp PE Sinus Pain & Allergy
Maxiclear Hayfever/Sinus Relief
Nurofen Cold & Flu PE
Sudafed PE Nasal Decongestant
Sudafed PE Sinus & Allergy and Pain relief
Sudafed PE Sinus and Pain
29
Q

What does Dimetapp PE Sinus Pain contain?

A

Paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for sinus pain relief
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5mg - oral decongestant

This is non drowsy

30
Q

What does Dimetapp PE Sinus Pain & Allergy contain?

A

Paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for sinus pain relief
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 5mg - oral decongestant
Chlorpheniramine Maleate 2mg - sedating antihistamine to dry up a runny nose

31
Q

What should patients be warned about if they are purchasing Dimetapp PE Sinus Pain & Allergy?

A

Chlorpheniramine may make people drowsy and affect driving and operation of machinery

32
Q

What does Maxiclear Hayfever/Sinus Relief contain?

A

Each tablet contains
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 10mg - oral decongestant to clear up sinuses
Loratadine 2.5mg - non sedating antihistamine which dries up a runny nose without causing drowsiness

33
Q

What does Nurofen Cold & Flu PE contain?

A

Each tablet contains:
ibuprofen 200mg - analgesic for pain relief
phenylephrine HCL - oral decongestant

34
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Nurofen Cold & Flu PE?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years

35
Q

What does Sudafed PE Nasal Decongestant contain?

A

Each tablet contains:
phenylephrine HCl 10mg - oral decongestant to reduce swelling and secretions in nasal passages to free up breathing, relieve pressure on sinuses to help headache.
Targets runny nose and congestion

36
Q

What should patients be warned about if purchasing Sudafed PE Nasal Decongestant?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years.

37
Q

What does Sudafed PE Sinus & Allergy and Pain Relief contain?

A

Each tablet contains:
paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief and fever
phenylephrine 5mg - oral decongestant
chlorpheniramine 2mg - sedating antihistamine to dry a runny nose.

38
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Sudafed PE Sinus & Allergy and Pain Relief

A

Not for children aged under 12 years
Chlorpheniramine may cause drowsiness and affect driving and operation of machinery

39
Q

What does Sudafed PE Sinus & Pain contain?

A

For non drowsy relief. Each tablet contains:

phenylephrine HCL 5mg - oral decongestant
paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief

40
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Sudafed PE Sinus & Pain?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years

41
Q

What are examples of products which provide cold, flu AND cough relief?

A

Codral PE Cold, Flu & Cough

Panadol Cold & Flu Relief PE

42
Q

What does Codral PE Cold, Flu & Cough contain?

A

Each Tablet contains:
Day: Paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
Phenylephrine 5mg - oral decongestant
Dextromethorphan 10mg - cough suppressant

Night: Paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
Chlorpheniramine 2mg - sedating antihistamine to aid sleep and dry up a runny nose
Dextromethorphan 10mg - cough suppressant

43
Q

What does Panadol Cold & Flu Relief PE contain?

A

Each Caplet contains:

paracetamol 500mg - analgesic for pain relief
dextromethorphan HBR 15mg - cough suppressant
phenylephrine HCI 5mg - oral decongestant.

44
Q

What should patients be warned about when purchasing Panadol Cold & Flu Relief PE?

A

Not for children aged under 12 years

45
Q

What is the benefit of Panadol Cold & Flu Relief PE?

A

Comes in caplets which are easier to swallow

46
Q

What are examples of hot remedies for cold & flu (+/-cough)

A

Coldrex Hot Remedy Cold & Flu
Lemsip Max All in One Cold & Flu Lemon
Lemsip Max Cold and Flu with Decongestant
Panadol Cold & Flu Max + Decongestant (hot lemon)

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