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Aquaculture > Cold Water Fish Farming > Flashcards

Cold Water Fish Farming Flashcards

1
Q

Seafood contains all essential nutrients but what macros?

A

proteins, lipids, and carbs

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2
Q

Seafood contains all essential nutrients but what micros?

A

vitamins, minerals and trace elements

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3
Q

If there was a shift of consumption from red meat to fish what would be the advantages?

A

Saves land and freshwater, less agricultural runoff, reduces greenhouse gasses + deforestation and increased public health (to an extent)

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4
Q

What is the feed conversion of fish compared to chickens and pigs?

A

fish - 85%, chickens 30% and pigs 20%

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5
Q

Describe the charecteristic of altlantic salmon farming in cold water

A
  • well established
  • benthic eggs + larve
  • pelagic adults
  • anadromous
  • large and well developed
  • dry feed from start
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6
Q

Describe the charecteristic of halibut farming in cold water

A
  • relatively new
  • pelagic eggs and large
  • benthic adults
  • solely marine
  • small and less developed
  • live feed from start
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7
Q

What countries farm Atlantic salmon

A

Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Faroe islands

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8
Q

What is the FW part of the salmon lifecycle?

A
  1. Adults spawn in FW (Oct-Dec)
  2. Produce eggs (5-7mm)
  3. Eggs form eyed ova
  4. Eggs –> alevin –> fry –> parr –> smolt
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9
Q

What is the SW part of the salmon lifecycle?

A
  1. Smolt move form FW to SW to feed
  2. After 3 - 5 years in SW migrate back t FW to spawn
  3. Become sexually mature in migration
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10
Q

What are the six steps in salmon farming?

A
  1. parr/smolts in tanks with light/temp manipulation (FW)
  2. Transferred to SW after 8-16 months
  3. Grow up to 2 years
  4. Salmon Harvested (after brood selection - best salmon chosen to reproduce future generations)
  5. broomstick back to FW and stripped of eggs
  6. Alevins (<10 degrees) in silos and trays

steps all repeated

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11
Q

Broodstock fish are kept in separate facilities, true or false?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Describe the eggs stage in salmon farming

A
  • femals stripped of eggs

- eggs ferrtilised with sperm from lots of males

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13
Q

Describe the embryonic stage in salmon farming

A
  1. Broodstock stripped in autumn and winter
  2. Hatching occurs around 8 degrees and stable water flow
  3. fertilised eggs are kept in the dark
  4. eggs ‘eye stage’ reached after 30 days
  5. eggs then transported and sorted
  6. hatching occurs 60 days after fertilisation
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14
Q

Why is it important that the larvae are resting during the yolksac phase?

A

so that they use all of the energy for growth and not movement

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15
Q

What happens in the salmon larvae become disoriented?

A

They become stressed and die

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16
Q

How do fish farmers story the salmon large from becoming disorientated?

A

use a strong substrate (astroturf)

17
Q

What is the absorption of yolk dependant on in salmon farming?

A

temperature

18
Q

What happens when yolk-sac absorption is completed in salmon farming?

A

the larvae are moved to larger start feeding tanks (dry feed to start)

19
Q

What conditions are in salmon farms when they start feeding?

A

Increase temperature and continuous light

20
Q

What are the temperatures at –

  1. fertilisation to day 2
  2. eye stage
  3. hatching stage
  4. during hatching
  5. yolk stage
A
  1. fertilisation to day 2 = 8 degrees
  2. eye stage = 10 degrees
  3. hatching stage = 14 degrees
  4. during hatching = 12 degrees
  5. yolk stage = 16 degrees
21
Q

What qualities does the Pikot-scale research station have?

A
  1. Automatic feeding
  2. submerged light
  3. surveillance and controls
  4. slaughter transport
22
Q

What depth and temp do halibut spawn?

A

300-1000m

5-7 degrees water

23
Q

Describe halibut eggs?

A

small, pelagic larvae

24
Q

When do halibut sexually mature?

A

5 - 10 years

25
Q

how much can a habit weigh up to?

A

300kg

26
Q

Where and for how long are the yolk scare larvae kept in halibut farming?

A

silos and for 50 days at 5 degrees

27
Q

what happens once the halibut egg is fertilised?

A

it is incubated for 14 days at 5 degrees

28
Q

how long are the halibut are in sart feeding tanks

A

60 days at 11 degrees

29
Q

what live feed is used for halibut?

A

artemia or similar

30
Q

how much do halibut weigh when they are taken to the slaughter house?

A

3kg

Aquaculture (3 decks)

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