Cold War Unit 2 - Early Development in the Cold War 1945-1949 Flashcards
1
Q
Soviet Satellite state
A
Nations that used to be independent that became ran by the USSR during the Cold War
2
Q
Examples of USSR satellite states
A
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- Estonia
- Czechoslovakia
- Poland
- Hungary
- Bulgaria
- Romania
- Parts of Germany
3
Q
The Long Telegram
A
- Sent February 22nd 1946
- Sent by George Kennan - USA ambassador in Moscow - to USA
- Reported that Stalin wanted the destruction of capitalism and thought the world outside of the USSR wanted to destroy communism
- Also believed USSR was not self-destructive - therefore with strong resistance it would soften
4
Q
Novikov Telegram
A
- Sent September 27th 1946
- Sent by Nikolai Novikov - Soviet diplomat in Washington - to USSR
- Reported that US wanted to use massive military power to destroy the world
- Believed Americans didn’t want to cooperate after FDR death and would support the government in war
5
Q
Iron Curtain Speech
A
- 5th March 1946 at Westminster college, Fulton, Missouri
- Given by Winston Churchill
- Made clear that he believed the USSR was a threat to freedom and world peace
- Showed Truman agreed with Churchill by letting him speak in the US
6
Q
Truman Doctrine
A
- March 12th 1947
- Truman announces $400M package to Greece and Turkey
- Done to help fight communist uprising
- Stated communism was political oppression
- Part of containment
7
Q
USA’s containment
A
Limiting the spread of communism
8
Q
Marshall plan
A
- Three months after Truman doctrine
- Speech by Secretary of State - George Marshall
- Provided economic aid to help suppress communism
- Provided $13.7B on top of $13B given before
9
Q
Distribution of Marshall aid money
A
- Britain - $3.297B
- France - $2.296B
- West Germany - $1.448B
- Italy - $1.204B
- Netherlands - $1.128B
- Belgium + Luxembourg - $777M
- Austria - $468M
- Denmark - $358M
- Greece - $376M
- Other - $1.352B
10
Q
Dollar imperialism
A
Theory established by the USSR that the US was extending its influence using money and was creating an Economic empire
11
Q
Impacts of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
A
- Grand Alliance gone - USA in direct opposition to USSR
- Stalin’s suspicions of the west grew
- Tied Western European countries to support the USA
- Extreme rivalry between two superpowers
12
Q
Comniform
A
- Set up by Stalin on September 22nd 1947
- Association of Communist parties around Europe
- Gave Stalin a way to direct and control the governments of the satellite states
- Rejected Marshall Plan
- Spread propaganda - accused America of being no different than Nazi Germany
13
Q
Comecon
A
- Established January 25th 1949
- Direct competition to Marshall Plan
- Supported economic development of satellite states
- Discouraged trade with USA and Western Europe
14
Q
Trizonia
A
- Unification of American and British zones in 1947
- French joined in March 1948
- Germany split in two instead of four
- Allies created a single currency - Deutschmark - gave Trizonia economic unity
- Separated eastern and western economies
- Stalin saw this as the others ‘ganging up’ to force the Soviet zone into poverty
15
Q
Berlin Blockade
A
- June 1948
- Stalin shuts off land routes across Soviet controlled Germany to Berlin
- Wanted to show a divided Germany could not work
- Wanted the allies to give up their zone and be a huge propaganda success
