Cold War crises, 1958 - 70 Flashcards
When and what was the ‘Berlin Ultimatum’?
1958
Khrushchev issued the “Berlin Ultimatum”, accusing the allies of breaking what they agreed on at Potsdam
Berlin should become a Neutral, free city
When and what was the ‘Paris summit’?
1960
P. Eisenhower and Khrushchev were due to meet, but due to the American U2 Spy-plane incident, it led to the Summit not taking place
When and what was the ‘Vienna Summit’?
1961
Khrushchev thought that he could use his experience to push new and young P. Kennedy around but … Kennedy had reasserted the Truman Doctrine in his inauguration speech and then refused to withdraw Western forces from Berlin
When and what was the ‘Missile Gap’?
1960’s
The USA believed that the Soviet’s had many more ICBM’s than they actually did
They were terrified about being left behind in the arms race
The defense budget rose substantially
When did the building of the preliminary Berlin Wall start?
1961
When was the ‘Bay of Pigs’ and what was it?
1961
The Bay of Pigs was a failed military invasion of Cuba, undertaken by America.
State 5 points about the impact of the ‘Bay of Pigs’ invasion
1) The USA were unwilling to get directly involved in Cuba
2) Prompted the USSR to place arms in Cuba
3) Kennedy was weak 4) USSR announced their intention to place arms in Cuba (1962)
5) Castro and Khrushchev were very suspicious of US policy
When was the ‘Cuban Missile Crisis’?
1962
Who ruled Cuba up until 1959?
Who overthrew him, and in what year?
President Batista
Fidel Castro overthrew him in 1959
Why did the USA like President Batista but the Cuban people didn’t?
1) He was a corrupt and oppressive ruler
2) Didn’t stand up for his own country
3) He had ruled/served for too long
What did the USSR do in relation to the Cuban missile crisis?
[3 points]
1) Bought Cuban Sugar
2) Created diplomatic relations
3) Helped F. Castro set up a new Communist government
What did the USA do in relation to the Cuban missile crisis?
[4 points]
1) Supported Cuban exiles
2) Stopped buying Cuban sugar
3) Stopped trading with Cuba completely
4) Cut off diplomatic relations
When and what was ‘Letter 1’?
1962
Khrushchev proposed for the Soviets to withdraw their missiles if the USA does not take over Cuba
When and what was ‘Letter 2’?
1962
Khrushchev demanded that the US withdraws its missiles from Turkey in return for the Soviets pulling theirs out of Cuba
What was the negotiation from the two letters sent between the USA and the USSR?
The USA will remove their missiles from Turkey SECRETLY
The USSR will remove their missiles from Cuba PUBLICLY
