Cold War Flashcards
List the dates for the:
- Tehran Conference.
- Yalta Conference
- Potsdam
Tehran-1943
Yalta-1945
Potsdam-1945
What were the key points that were agreed at Tehran? (3)
1) Second front- USA and Britain attack Germany through
Northern France and perform the D-Day Landings. as USSR was doing all the fighting.
2) Europe- Germany should surrender unconditionally and USSR would gain land from Poland as a buffer zone and Poland would take land from G.
3) USSR would declare war on Japan with USA after G was defeated.
What happened in between 1943 and 1945 and how were attituded affected?(4)
Roosevelt died in 1945 and the new president, Truman distrusted Stalin and was convinced that the Soviet Union intended to take over Europe and he was determined to stand up to Stalin.
- Stalin suspected the West did not want a strong Soviet Union and wanted Soviet-controlled Communist govs in Eastern Europe as a defence against future attacks.
- Stalin also was furious that Truman tested the atomic bomb before the Potsdam conference and hadn’t consulted him.
- Churchill was also suspicious of Stalin’s motives and though German troops would remain in the E.European countries they had liberated.
- Churchill was replaced with Atlee.
What were the agreements and disagreements made in Yalta?
-There were still tensions about Poland,
C-continue the war.
U- Stalin wanted all 16 Soviet Republics to join the UN but only Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were allowed to join.
DG- Division of Germany into 4 zones- Brits,USA,USSR and France.
SI- Sphere of Influence so USSR could have their SI however free elections in Poland.
P- USA and Britain insisted on having free elections and liberating Poland
Disagreements:
-Stalin wanted a higher figure of reparations than Roosevelt or Churchill.
What were the agreements/disa made during Potsdam? (4)
2
1) Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones- disarmed, demilitarized, decentralized and denazified.
2) Germany to pay reparations in equipment and material.
3) To move Poland’s border west.
4) Germany to be a single economic unit due to them being poor on the East of G so they could pay reparations
Dis:
- Stalin wanted a massive compensation from but Truman refused as that was one of the leading causes of the development of WWII
- Poland- Truman demanded free elections in Poland and for them to choose the Govt.
Why did tensions increase in Potsdam?
- Increased as there wasn’t a common enemy(G) anymore and now the Allies were against each other as each one had diff motives.
- Easier for arguments to arise as Truman openly disliked Stalin and the Soviet Union.
Why was the Soviet Satellite States created?
- To act as a buffer zone for future invasions as the Soviet Union had been invaded by Germany on 2 occasions.
- mainly for security.
What was held in Soviet Satellite states and list some.
- Elections were held in each E.European country but were rigged to ensure that Soviet-controlled Communist parties took over.
- Some Soviet satellite states are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, E.Germany, Hungary, Poland,Romania.
What were the 2 consequences of the creation of Soviet satellite states?
1) Security for the Societ Union increased as E.Europe could now act as a buffer against possible future invasions.-Soviet Union had control of E.Europe.
- 2) Increase rivalry as the USA, Brit, France believed the expansion was political to expand the Soviet empire and communism throughout Europe.
When was the iron curtain speech and who made it and what did it say?
March 1946, Churchill made a speech to say how ‘an iron curtain has descended across the countries of Europe’, signifying how an imaginary line divided East communist from capitalist West.
When was the Long and the Novikov Telegram?
1946
What did Long Telegram deliver? How did it influence or a consequence of that?
- The Long Telegram was from Kenan and he saw Soviet Union as aggressive and suspicious. He recomennded firm action against Soviet Expansion.
- As a consequence, it increased fears of the USSR in USA and influenced Truman’s policiies in the Cold War, especially his policy of Containment.
What did Novikov Telegram deliver? How did it influence or a consequence of that?
-Soviet Union knew about the Long Telegram and Novikov accused USA for attempting to achieve world dominance and therefore Stalim aimed to create a buffer zone against future threats.
2 consequences of the creation of the Soviet controlled satellite states?
One of the consequences of the creation of the states was security for the Soviet Union and as Soviet Union had been invaded from the west by G on two occasions, 1941 and 1941 and had suffered huge casualities- Soviet controlled states in E.Europe acts as a buffer against future invasions.
Novikov Telegram was written by Novikov who was the Soviet ambassador to the USA and accused USA of achieveing worl dominance and this led to a consequence of increased rivalry. USA,Bri and France believed Stalin’s motives were political- the expansion of the Soviet empire and communisim throughout Europe.
When was the atomic bomb created? What did it help do.
- 1945.
- End WWII as it was dropped on Hiroshima.
- Increased rivalry between USA and USSR as Stalin was not consulted.
- Lead to USSR development of atomic bomb in 1949.
When was Containment? What was it and why?(2)
When was the Truman Doctrine?
- Containment is the US policy to use its influence and military resources to prevent the spread of communism from non-communist countries.
- It was also because Greece was being threatened with a Communist takeover as b early 1947, Britain announced they could no longer afford to support the Greek and Turkish govs.
- In 1947 Truman Doctrine was announced to support for Greece and he offered to help any country under threat from external forces
What were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine(3)?
- The Greek gov was able to defeat the communists.
- Rivalry between USA and Soviet Union increased as the doctrine confirmed the division of the world into communist and non-communist.
- Led to the development of the Marshall Plan and Stalin set up Cominform.
Why was the Marshall Plan introduced? When was it introduced ?
- Truman believed communism usually won support in countries where there were economic problems, unemployment and povert and many Europen countries had suffered badly as a result of the Second World War and were struggling to deal with the damage caused-> USA could help countries recover economically and provide employment and financially, no need to turn to communism.
- 1948.
Consequences of Marshall plan? (3)
- $13.5 bn to aid 16 countries and help rebuild their economies and trade with the USSR.
- Europe became more firmly divided between East and West as Stalin prevented the Eastern European countries from becoming involved such as Czech and Poland.
- Stalin accused USA in manipulating and bribing countries for own selfish reasons so they could dominate the world and boost US economy.
What was Cominfrorm?
- Set up in 1947.
- Controlled the govs of E.Europe and ensured they followed Stalin policies and was a response to Truman Doctrine.
What was Comecon?
What were the 2 consequences?
- 1949.
- Set up as a response to Marshall plan.
- It was to meant to financially support countries in E.Europe but what really happened was it was used by the Soviet Union to control the economies of these states and coordinated the E European countries to produce and sell goods to USSR
Conse
1) Benefitted the USSR as they took advantage of these goods and services as they were financially weak.
2) Also led to resentment in the people because the goods they produced didn’t allow them to get a fair deal of money or fair profit; they couldn’t produce anything for themsleves.
