Cold War Flashcards
What is a political and military policy of taking over additional territory through the violation of another country’s sovereignty, for reasons that can include defense, access to resources or markets, national pride, or perceived racial superiority.
expansionism
the U.S. Cold War foreign policy of stopping the spread of communism by establishing strategic allies around the world through trade and military alliances.
containment
a war in which the Cold War superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) supported opposing sides or fought directly against the side supported by the rival superpower.
Proxy Wars
the Cold War foreign policy of both major powers aiming to deter the military advances of the other through developing and building up arms, especially nuclear weapons. Deterrence depends on each side creating the perception that it is willing to use its weapons.
deterrence
international behaviour or foreign policy that takes a country to the brink of war; pushing one’s demands to the point of threatening military action (for example, the showdown between the United States and the Soviet Union over Cuba in October 1962).
brinkmanship
a period of the Cold War from the mid 1960’s to 1979, during which the major powers tried to lessen the tensions between them through diplomacy, treaties, arms talks and reductions, and cultural exchanges.
détente
The political attitude of a state that does not associate or identify itself with the political ideology or objective espoused by other states, groups of states, or international causes, or with the foreign policies stemming therefrom. It does not preclude involvement, but expresses the attitude of no precommitment to a particular state (or block) or policy before a situation arises.
nonalignment
people’s military and political struggles for independence from countries that have colonized or otherwise oppressed them ( for example, people in Eastern European countries liberating themselves from Soviet communist control).
liberation movements
Conditions of extreme tension and hostility with no military action
Cold War:
What conference discussed partition of Germany into 4 zones of occupation, reparations, Polish post-war boundaries, and the entrance of USSR into war with Japan.
Stalin (USSR)
Roosevelt (U.S.)
Churchill (Britain)
Yalta Conference: 1945
Which conference discussed outstanding issues – disagreement between U.S. and U.S.S.R. over the treatment of Germany and Poland
Stalin (USSR)
Truman (U.S.)
Atlee (Britain)
Potsdam Conference 1945
Which two conferences bring an end to World War Two, but also took the world into the Cold War: capitalist liberal democracy vs. communism
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
How can competing ideologies create tensions in international relations?
- USSR expansionism and US containment
- spheres of influence
was a foreign policy developed to support anti-communist forces in Greece and Turkey ($400 mill economic and military aid) which was later expanded to other countries).
Truman Doctrine
“I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures… I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.” President Truman 1947
a $13 bill plan to help the European countries devastated by war to recover.
The Marshall Plan
-announced by US secretary of state George Marshall.
