Cold War

Question 1

Yalta

Answer 1

Feb 1945

Unconditional surrender of Germany
Reparations of 20$ billion half to USSR
United Nations to be set up
USSR enter war against Japan in return for territory lost in Russo Japanese war
Germany to be split up into occupational zones
German eastern border to move westwards
Provisional government in Poland with free elections

Question 2

Postdam

Answer 2

July/August 1945

Polish German border settled at Oder Neisse line
Germany to be governed by allied control centre in Berlin
Reparations could be taken from occupational zones
Council of foreign ministers to be made to deal with defeated countries
Germany to be de nazified

Question 3

Problems at Potsdam

Answer 3

Didn’t agree over Poland’s government so soviet controlled one stayed
Disagreed over Germany - USSR wanted to take reparations and stop industry
USSR wanted access to the Ruhr Germany’s heartland - rejected
USSR wanted foothold in Japan - Truman rejected

Question 4

Changes between Yalta and Potsdam

Answer 4

America had new president of Truman who was much more wary of communist USSR 
Victory in war removed common enemy
Stalins armies occupied Eastern Europe 
Allies test atomic bomb
Churchill replaced by Attle

Question 5

Germany defeated

Answer 5

May 1945

Question 6

What did Stalin gain from Yalta

Answer 6

Large amounts of reparations - 10$ billion
Would regain territory by fighting against Japan
Had largest area of Germany and Berlin
Was allowed to gain spheres of influence like Manchuria

Question 7

Iron curtain

Answer 7

March 1946 (speech at Fulton)

Stetin to Trieste

Question 8

Long telegram

Answer 8

Kennan Feb 1946

Question 9

What did long telegram say

Answer 9

USSR was hostile due to long term feeling of insecurity and fear of outside world
This was not caused by communism but it fitted well
The USSR would never stop trying to take over world but could be stopped at any one pint of pressure
Containment should be adopted
Communist USSR would eventually collapse due to internal power struggle

Question 10

Cominform

Answer 10

Oct 1947

Question 11

Containment

Answer 11

1945 - 1947

Question 12

Aim of containment

Answer 12

To stop the spread of communism and help other countries recover from WW11

Question 13

Truman doctrine

Answer 13

Promise of open ended aid to countries threatened by aggressive neighbours

400$ million in economic and military aid given to Greece

Question 14

Marshall plan

Answer 14

Plans to stabilise economies in Europe and stop communism

13.3$ billion

Wanted strong markets for US exports
Felt weak economies would encourage communism

Question 15

Why eastern bloc

Answer 15

Buffer zone against western attack

Strengthen USSR

Felt he deserved land after war

Spread of communism

Question 16

Features of communist control in Eastern Europe

Answer 16

Secret police inprisoned anyone who opposed communism

Cominform set up to coordinate work and help Stalin keep an eye on leaders

Replaced independent minded leaders with loyal ones

1948 leader of party in Yugoslavia expelled for hostility to cominform

Question 17

How does Stalin establish eastern bloc

Answer 17

During war the red army drives out Germans

In may 1945 soviet trooos control all states except Yugoslavia, Albania and Greece

1944-1945 ‘fair’ coalition government set up

1946-1949 backed by red army and Moscow all non communists are forced out of government through vote riggery and show trials

1949 Stalin has control of all states behind iron curtain

Question 18

Stalin in Poland

Answer 18

1940 red army massacres 4500 polish officers who were likely to oppose communism

1944 red army renter having been pushed out and set up provisional government

1945 at Yalta Stalin allows free polish government members to join PG

1947 member of non communist parties imprisoned and communists win election to become 1 party state

Question 19

Stalin in Czechoslovakia

Answer 19

Before war they had free press

1945 Czech president benes enlists soviet help to rebuild country

1946 coalition government set up

1947 stalin forbid Czechs to accept Marshall aid

1948 senior police officers replaced with communists and press censored
Purge of non communists

Question 20

Berlin blockade causes

Answer 20

Jan 1947 Britain and USA combine zones to form bizonia and stalin feels they are trying to force him out of Berlin

March 1947 secret political union

Marshall aid made available and stalin inspects freight shippings into east

June 1948 new currency created and stalin blockades Berlin

Question 21

Airlift

Answer 21

2 million tonnes of cargo
300 000 flights
Stalin blinds pilots with lights and jams radios