Cold War Flashcards
Who was Stalin 🇷🇺
The leader of the USSR from 1928 till 1953.
Who was Harry Truman 🇺🇸
The 33rd President of the USA, served from 1945 till 1953
Who was Dwight Eisenhower 🇺🇸
The 34rd President of the USA, served from 1953 till 1961
Who was JFK 🇺🇸
The 35rd President of the USA, served from 1961 till 1963
Who was LBJ 🇺🇸
The 36rd President of the USA, served from 1963 till 1969
Who was Richard Nixon 🇺🇸
The 37rd President of the USA, served from 1969 till 1974
Who was Khrushchev 🇷🇺
The leader of the USSR from 1956 till 1964.
Tehran Conference
It was at Tehran from November 28th till December 1st 1943. It was a meeting by the Big Three in Iran to discuss how to rebuild Europe after WWII. They agreed the USSR could have a ‘sphere of influence’ which was communist respected. They also agreed the UK and US could have a ‘sphere of influence’ which was capitalist. However they disagreed over Germany.
Dollar Imperialism
The phrase Stalin gave to describe Marshall Aid
The Eastern Bloc
The area that Stalin had control over in Eastern Europe, also known as the satellite states
Marshall Aid
Named after General Marshall, it was the money given to the European counties after the destruction in WWII in hopes that these countries wouldn’t turn to communism in their time of need. It cost the USA about $13 billion in the end, with 24% going to the UK, 20% to France, 11% to Italy and 10% to West Germany. As well, Stalin didn’t let any of his satellite states take the aid, even though they needed it
The Czech Coup 1948
The Czech Government were coup by the communist party, with soviet backing, assuming undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia
Comecon
This was an economic organization which ran from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that was made up the Eastern Bloc countries
Cominform
This was the communist information bureau which existed from 1947 to 1956. It promoted Stalin’s ideas to communist parties across several countries. It was dissolved due to de-stalinization
Zhdanov Doctrine
The idea that ‘the only conflict that is possible in Soviet culture is the conflict between good and best’
The Truman Doctrine
Harry S Truman’s foreign policy pledge. Its main goal was to stop the spread of communism in Europe and Asia. It was announced on the 12th of March, 1947 and further developed on July 4th 1948 to help in the Greek civil war.
Who was Jan Masaryk 🇨🇿
He was the Czech Foreign Minister from 1940 to 1948. On March 10th 1948, he was found dead after being thrown out of a window to his death by the new communist government. His father was also the first president of Czechoslovakia
Percentages Agreement
This was at Moscow in October 1944 to make the ‘spheres of influence’ for Eastern Europe. The percentages were Romania (90% Soviet, 10% Western), Bulgaria (75% Soviet, 25% Western), Yugoslavia (50% each), Greece (90% Western, 10% Soviet) and Hungry (50% each)
Yalta conference
It was at Yalta from the 4th of February till the 11th of February 1945. It was between the Big Three, as they discussed establishing democracy in Europe. Stalin believed only communist governments could be democratic whereas Roosevelt believed that democracy could only be achieved when several political parties competed
Potsdam Conference
It was at Potsdam from the 16th of July till the 2nd of August 1945. It was again between the Big Three, this time with Harry Truman. At this agreement, they agreed to divide Germany in 4 small zones, going to the USA, UK, USSR and France, as well as banning the Nazi party and prosecuting surviving Nazis as war criminals. Furthermore, cracks were beginning to show between the allies, especially due to the USA’s arrogance with the atom bomb at the conference. As well, the day before the conference, the first successful detonation of the atomic bomb had taken place
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift
Stalin’s Bolshoi Speech
It was said in February 1946 by Stalin at the Bolshoi Theatre. He praised the party, the socialist regime and justified policies such as collectivisation and industrialisation. He then said that WW1 and WW2 were inevitable due to capitalism and imperialism and that the USSR should strengthen itself to prepare for these conflicts, saying war would be inevitable
Kennan’s Long Telegram
It was sent by George Kennan on the 22nd of February 1946. This was an 8,000 word telegram sent to the Department of State detailing his view on the Soviet Union. His opinion in end stated that Soviet expansionism needed to be contained.