Cold War Flashcards
1
Q
How did the US help turkey and greece
A
The US gave Turkey and Greece $400million in economic aid to help resist communism
2
Q
What was containment
A
Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.
3
Q
When was the Truman doctrine issued
A
1947
4
Q
What capitalist alliance did the truman doctrine lead to
A
The formation of Nato in 1949
5
Q
What year was NATO
A
1949
6
Q
What was the purpouse of NATO,
A
To provide a political and military alliance that connects North america with Europe for crisis management and cooperative security.
7
Q
What did the Soviets respond to NATO with
A
Warsaw Treaty
8
Q
What was a key event in 1989
A
Fall of the Berlin wall
9
Q
What was the marshall plan
A
The US financial aid to countries in western europe for rehabilitation after ww2. It was also possibly a scheme to get US support from the west
10
Q
Who wrote the long telegram
A
Keenan
11
Q
What was comiform
A
It was the soviet control of all Eastern European communist countries
12
Q
What triggered stalin to creat cominform
A
The truman doctrine
13
Q
What was isolationism
A
It was a US philosophy of not getting involved in conflicts.
14
Q
What replaced isolationism
A
The truman doctrine and containment
15
Q
What was the first Berlin Crisis
A
The berlin blockade
16
Q
What year was the Berlin blockade
A
1947
17
Q
Who was the leader of the USSR in 1947
A
Stalin
18
Q
What year was the hungarian uprising
A
1956
19
Q
Causes of the hungarian uprising
A
1) poverty- Hungarians were poor, and many of their food and goods were sent to Russia.
2) Russian control – Hungarians were very patriotic and hated the Russian control, especially the AVH and censorship.
3) help from the United Nations – the Hungarian thought that the United Nations would help them but they failed to.
4) the Stalinisation – the communist party wanted to destalinise Hungary and things got out of control.
20
Q
What was the AVH
A
Secret police that created a climate of fear, arresting anyone that opposed communist rule
21
Q
how did the hungarian citizens uprise
A
There were riots of students, workers and soldiers. They smashed up the statue of stalin, attacked the AVH and russian soldiers
22
Q
Who took over rackosi as prime minister
A
Imre nagy
23
Q
Imre Nagys actions when he became prime minister
A
. Asked Khrushchev to remove russian troops
. Introduce democracy and freedom of speech.
. Freed the leader of the catholic church
. Announced Hungaary was going to leave the warsaw pact
24
Q
How did Krushchev respond to the hungarian uprising
A
Russian tanks rolled into Budapest and destroyed the Hungarian army. The last words on the Hungarian radio was “help”. 4000 hungarians were killed. Imre nagy and his collauges were arrested and executed.
25
Why did the us not help the uprising
. They did not think hungary was worth a war
. Not financially capable
26
Impacts of the uprising in hungary
. Thousands of Hungarian refugees flead
. Russia sparked fear to other countries in the Warsaw part.
. Khrushchevs Leadership was strengthened and he gained approval for his interception in Hungary
. it made Western leaders more determined to contain communism.
.
27
What year was the cuban missiles crisis
1962
28
How did America realise there was Soviet missiles in Cuba?
U2 spy planes
29
What did JFK first do to stop the missiles in Cuba?
He made the naval blockade around Cuba to isolate them and not allow any Russian ships through.
30
What would the US ships do if a Soviet ship came towards them?
Attack them and possibly start a nuclear war
31
What did the US and USSR agree to about their missiles
USA would remove the missiles in Turkey if the USSR remove their missiles in Cuba
32
Who ruled cuba
Fidel castro (communist)
33
What did Castro do to American businesses?
He nationalised the businesses and refused to pay America any compensation meaning that America lost a lot of profit and products from Cuba.
34
What was the bay of pigs?
John F. Kennedy's plan to invade Cuba and overthrow the communist regime.
35
What was the outcome of the bay of pigs?
It was a disaster for America. They were met by heavily armed Cuban troops and all the soldiers were captured or killed.
36
What was the impact on John F Kennedy's presidency from the bay of pigs failure?
The invasion happened only three months into his presidency and made him look uncapable.
37
What were the consequences of the Cuban missile crisis?
. Khrushchevs shortly after stripped of presidency
. Washington-moscow hotline
. Nuclear non proliferation treaty
. Outer space treaty
38
When was the washington-moscow hotline created?
1963
39
What was the purpouse of the hotline
Direct communication line between the Kremlin and the Pentagon to improve US and USSR relationships rather than resorting to violence.
40
What triggered the olympic boycotts
The invasion of afghaninstan from the USSR
41
What year did the Usa boycott the moscow olympics
1980
42
What year did russia boycott the La olympics
1984
43
How many countries joined the USA boycott of the 1980 olympics
60 other countries
44
How many communist countries boycotted the 1984 olympics
15 countries
45
How did the USA help Afghaninstan
The CIA funded the Mujahadeen with weapons and funds
46
Who refused to ratify salt 2
The USA
47
What did Reagan call the USSR
"The evil empire"
48
Who was USA president in 1981
Ronald reagan
49
Who was Soviets new leader in 1985
Gorbachev
50
What disaster happened in 1986 that became the symbol of the crisis facing the Soviet union
Chernobyl
51
What was perostroika
Economic restructuring to make the economy more efficient
52
What did perostroika entail
Gorbachev loosened centralized control on many business
Different types of businesses were allowed, which saw an increase in businesses
Relaxed trade restrictions
End of the expensive arms race
53
What was glasnost
A new sense of openess within the soviet union and the west
54
What did glassnost entail
Multicandidate elections
End of cencorship
Normalising western traditions
55
Why did gorbachev want to emd the arms race
Although the USSR had more missiles than the USA, it could not carry on the arms race. Gorbachev knew that if the Soviet Union was to survive was by making agreements with the USA to reduce arms.
56
Why did america want to end the cold war
Although America had the money and resources to carry on the arms race, it had
fewer missiles. Reagan also needed to cut military expenditure.
57
What was the INF treaty
1987 Washington Meeting
The Intermediate–range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty, was signed at this
meeting:
The treaty committed both sides to the getting rid of all medium-range missiles
from Europe within 3 years.
58
What year was the berlin wall torn down
1989
59
What year did communist rule collapse
1989
60
When did the berlin wall get torn down by the berliners
November 1989
61
What was the name of the group that couped to overthrow gorbachev
Gang of eight
62
What was the berlin wall a symbol of
The iron curtain
63
What was khrushchevs berlin ultimatum
In November 1958, Khrushchev issued an ultimatum giving the Western Powers six months to agree to withdraw from Berlin and make it a free, demilitarized city
64
What was khrushchevs berlin ultimatum
In November 1958, Khrushchev issued an ultimatum giving the Western Powers six months to agree to withdraw from Berlin and make it a free, demilitarized city
65
What was the paris conference 1960
When Khrushchev walked out of conference as Eisenhower refused to apologise after Russia found a US plane spying on the Soviets
66
What was the paris conference 1960
When Khrushchev walked out of conference as Eisenhower refused to apologise after Russia found a US plane spying on the Soviets
67
What happened at the vienna summit 1961
Khrushchev reissued his ultimatum but Kennedy refused and both began to prepare for war
68
Who led the cuban revolution in 1961
Fidel castro and Guevara
69
How many exiled cuban rebels did Cuba send to attempt to overthrow castro
1400, but they failed
70
What agreement between the USA and USSR was made to end the cuban missile crisis
An agreement was made that USSR would dismantle their nuclear missiles in Cuba if USA
(without public knowledge) dismantled theirs in Turkey
71
Consequences of the cuban missile crisis
Test ban treaty
Outer space treaty
Washington-moscow hotline
Nuclear non proliferation treaty
72
What was the prague spring
April 1968 Dubček (leader of Czechoslovakia) wanted to give people more political freedom and reduce USSR control. Although Dubček stated they would remain in the Warsaw Pact, Brezhnev (USSR leader) sent troops from Warsaw Pact to reassert authority
73
What did the Breznev doctrine (1968) state
USSR had right to invade any country in its sphere of influence which rejected communism
74
What was the consequence of the prague spring
Dubček was arrested and taken to Moscow, and was forced to reverse all reforms
75
What year wad the UN set up
1945
76
At which conference was the settlement of what to do with Germany in?
Yalta, 1945
77
At which conference was the plan to liberate Nazi occupied France
Tehran, 1943
78
What were the three war time conferences
Yalta, Tehran, Potsdam
79
Which 4 countries controlled Berlin
Uk, France, USSR and USA
80
Why was the UN set up
The main intentions of the UN were to ensure world peace, to help solve international disputes and to bring nations closer together.
81
Why was the new US president, Truman a problem at Potsdam
Because he showed his obvious dislike for Stalin and communism
82
What conference were most of the agreements at yalta put into action
Potsdam, 1945
83
What was the iron curtain speech about
Churchills speech voicing his opinions on how Stalin is becoming a dictator of eatern europe, Churchill asks for the USAs support to prevent communism spreading further
84
What alliance did the truman doctrine end
The grand alliance
85
What was the point of the marshall aid
To stop countries falling communist by spending over $13billion in economic aid to countries in europe.
86
What is cominform
An alliance of communist parties in Eastern europe to plan amd work together to spread and enforce stalins ideas.
87
What was a response to the marshall plan from the USSR
Comecon
88
What were the main aims of comiform
To control communist parties and ensure loyalty of eastern european governments
89
Effects of comiform
Consolidated USSRs power in eastern europe and made those countries less independent
90
Effects of comecon
Political and economical divison of europe cemented
91
What year was comecon
1949
92
What year was comiform
1947
93
At what conference had the US had their first nuclear bomb created
Potsdam
94
Who did castro displace as cuban leader
Batista
95
What year was the cuban missile crisis
1962
96
How close is cuba to USAs nearest coastline
90 miles
97
Consequences of cuban missile crisis
Washington moscow hotline(1963)
Space ban treaty (1967)
Non proliferation treaty
98
What was the washington moscow hotline
A direct link of communication between the pentagon and the kremlin
99
What would the US do if the naval blockade saw any soviets approaching
They would open fire at them
100
What happened at the bay of pigs
US sent funded exiles to overthrow castro, which was quickly supressed by 20,000 Cuban troops. Exiles captured and killed
101
How long did the naval blockade of Cuba last
4 days
102
What was the secret agreement of the US and the Soviets to end the cuban misssile crisis
That the USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if the USA removed missiles from Turkey
103
How were the bombs in Cuba found
By American U2 spy planes
104
How mamy soldiers invaded czechoslovakia
500,000
105
How did the czechs react to the invasion
They did not fight back, instead engaged in peaceful protests
106
What happened to dubcek after his reforms
He was arrested and taken to moscow
107
What was novotny like
The previous unpopular czechoslovakia leader who was a strong communist who disallowed free speech, political opposition and had a weak economy
108
Who did dubcek take power from
Novotny
109
What did dubceks reforms entail
Openess, less censorship, more political opposition (including capitalist parties) and wanted 'socialism with a human face'
110
How did the US respond to the czechoslovakia invasion
They condemned the soviets but did not intervene
111
What was the main consequence of the czechoslovakia invasion
The brezhnev doctrine
112
What did the brezhnev doctrine state
The USSR would invade any country in Eastern Europe that rejected communism
113
What year was the prague spring
1968
114
Who built the berlin wall
East germany (communist)
115
How many people were killed trying to cross the berlin wall
300
116
What was the "refugee problem" in germany
Many of the east germaners were migrating to the west for better economical opportunities. This led Khrushchev to build the berlin wall
117
What year was the helsinki agreement
1975
118
What were the baskets agreed at the helsinki accords
. Recognise the current borders of European countries
. Agreed to Respect human rights and freedom in their respective countries
. Both sides agreed to help each other econmically and technology
119
What is one limitimg factor of the Helsinki agreement
It was not a legally binding agreement
120
Short timeline of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
. There was a communist government in charge of the USSR
. Soviet government overthrown by Amin and Mujahadeen
. Amin seeks discussions with the USA
. The soviets invaded Afghanistan
. USSR installed Kamal as leader
121
Us reactions to the invasion of Afghanistan
. USA boycott the 1980 moscow olympics, making the USSR boycott the LA olympics
. The carter doctrine states the US will intervene if USSR threaten control in Middle east
. Carter doctrine means Detente over
. Carter sends weapons and aid to Afghan rebels
. Carter withdraws from SALT 2
122
Reasons for Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
. Geographical imprtance (borders soviet region)
. If Amin won, USSR feared that other muslim countries will become communist
. Extended influence of oil-rich Middle East
. Combat US influence in the middle east
123
What year did the Soviets invade Afghanistan
1979
124
Which year did the Soviets decide to end the war
1988
125
Why did the USSR struggle against Afganistan
. The soviets were not prepared for the terrain of Afghanistan
. The Mujahideen had expert knowledge about the area
. The Mujahideen were extremely motivated since they were fighting for their homeland
126
What was SALT 2
Strategic arms limitation talks, that were supposed to limit the production of long ranged missiles. It was not ratified after the Agfghanistan invasion
127
Who became leader of the USSR for 1985
Gorbachev
128
What was a consequence of glasnost to the soviet unions empire
One by one the countries of the soviet union became independent
129
How and why did the Berlin wall fall
Once the hungarian government collapsed people in east germany began leaving through hungary, east germany were forced to open its borders and people flooded to the berlin wall and began dismantling it
130
What caused the dissolution of the soviet union
After a failed coup (the gang of eight) against Gorbachev he tried to save communism by introducing a new constitution. This was never accepted and Gorbachev announced his resignstion and the dissolution of the soviet union in December 1991
131
What was the truman doctrine
promised that the USA would provide aid to any country taking a stand against communism. Full commitment to containment
