COLD WAR Flashcards
Cold war
An Indirect fight( threats, propaganda, proxy wars, arms build-up etc.) between USA and USSR(Russia) for their ideologies( communism vs capitalism) to spread through the world
Why the Cold War started
After WW2, the world was left with 2 Superpowers - The United States and the Soviet Union
Each had different outcomes and goals after the war:
-United States: Wanted to spread out the way of living
-Soviet Union- Wanted to ensure this would never happen again
Did not trust each other/ kept secrets during WWII
THE ENTIRE COLD WAR WAS TRYING TO STOP EACH OTHER FROM GROWING
how were USA and SOVIETS experience of WWII different?
USA- not destroyed/ lost very few people
SOVIETS- destroyed,Lost 40 million people and near-complete destruction/
Potsdam Conference
to end WWII- divided the world between the into the two superpowers) USA/ SOVIETS)
iron curtain
An invisible wall that divided Europe after WWII between soviet/communism and capitalist countries.
Arms race
Both the Soviets and the Americans were both worried the other would build superior weapons which could destroy whole countries
The United States and the Soviet Union began building more nuclear weapons and ways to deliver them
US had 32,000 warheads and the USSR had 45,000 warheads by the end of the buildup
MAD
-Arms race led to Mutually Assured Destruction(MAD)
If one country attacks the other, the response would ensure both sides are destroyed
Neither side wanted to attack because of this
Space race ( why started, who won)
The race to come up with ways to deliver the nuclear weapons led to the Space Race
The Space Race turned into a scientific battle = Missiles led to rockets that could reach space
The Soviets launched the first satellite “Sputnik” which set of a frenzy in the United States
Ended with the US landing on the moon
Effects of the space race
This race to led all sorts of new technology
pencils….GPS…tange…insulin pumps….artificial limbs….Lasik….cochlear implants
containment was
Our policy to combat the spread of Communism
why did containment start?
The Soviets were going to try and spread their ideas to other countries
We would try to prevent that spread by pushing back
We do NOT push them back into Russia, just stop it from growing.
How USSR viewed containment
As America surround them with enemies ( they needed to bubble wrap themselves then)
list examples of containment
marshall plan, Turman doctrine, Vietnam war, Cuban missile crisis, Berlin airlift, korean war, Iran, Guatemala
Marshall Plan
12.5 billion in foreign aid to 16 European countries to help rebuild after WWII
To help them not turn to communists
offered USSR money but they refused it
Successful containment
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Called for support of forces fighting Soviet-allied groups in civil wars in Greece and Turkey
$400 million in aid provided
Successful- kept them capitalist
Berlin airlift
Germany AND Berlin divided after WWII: West occupied by US/ GB, East by USSR
Berlin is the capital but was located in the Soviets section of Germany. The USA did not want to allow capital to fall to communism so divided capital(Berlin) as well.
USSR shut off-road access for USA to get to West Berlin
US used airlifts around the clock to supply city
327 days; 277,000 flights; 2.3 million tons of goods
USSR caved, reopened roads to Berlin
Berlin wall
Millions had fled East Germany for West Germany via divided Berlin.
Went to one side of the city since city was divided but still open to travel in and out where rest of Germany was not as easy to get to.
Severely crippled East Germany’s economy, society( everyone leaving!)
In matter of days, wall is built dividing East and West Berlin
Prevents flow of “refugees”
Berlin wall success or failure?
Failure- could not stop and lost east berlin to soviet complete control
NATO- why it was created
To protect each other after WWII
NATO stands for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization