Age of turmoil Flashcards
Civil rights are
the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
Human rights
Rights all get for being alive
Johnson’s Great Society was:
President after JFK was assassinated
Johnson’s plan to end poverty and discrimination
Continuation of JFK vision
Warren courts importance
Liberal Supreme court during the civil rights era
Rulings: Brown vs Board , Expanded free speech rights , Miranda laws
Why did WWII fuel the civil rights era?
1948: President Truman desegregated military
African American Soldiers fought with whites and then all returned home to segregated towns
Also ends discrimination in hiring of govt. Employees during war to encourage more workers join the war efforts
-Job opportunities=economic empowerment, fighting job discrimination
-During war needed workers= moved to North
Segregation in the south was legal because of what supreme court case:
Separate but equal. ( had separate everything for blacks and whites. Drinking fountains, schools, bus siting etc.)
PLESSY V. FERGUSON
Brown vs board of education ended what?
Ended plessy vs ferguson ruling of schools
Legal segregation of schools. (separate but equal schools) Now had integrated schools of students
Little rock nine importance
Showed the violence and difficulties for black students faced when integrated schools started. Had to have the military escort the 9 black students around the school
Emmett till-what it was/ importance.
Brutal Murder of a young African American by whites in Mississippi. The jury let the killed off, and the event was international news that brought race relations to the frontline during the cold war when America was fighting communists who were using race relations as a reason why America was wrong/bad,
Montgomery bus boycotts - what they were fighting for and outcome.
-Rosa parks: refused to give up her seat at front of bus to protest bus segregation. ( African americans supposed to be in back)
-Boycott succeeded after 381 days
-1956: Warren Supreme Court declared bus segregation unconstitutional
Freedom riders were trying to do what? What happened to them?
-desegregate interstate buses, facilities
-May 1961: riders going from TN to MS viciously attacked
-Widely televised, led to action by federal government
Sit ins trying to accomplish? Meet with what?
-desegregate restaurants, public facilities
-Began February 1960 @ Woolworth’s in Greensboro, NC
-Often confrontational, even if nonviolent
Birmingham : importance of the city for the civil rights movement?
“Most segregated city in the US”
SCLC leads demonstrations, including 2 “children’s crusades”
MLK arrested, writes “Letter From A Birmingham Jail”
Response to critics calling for patience, end to protests
Nonviolent protests violently broken up by police
Images on TV, in newspapers lead to large public outcry
What happened to Birmingham after civil rights marches occurred there?
*Birmingham ends legal discrimination
March on washington: what was it in support of?
To show support for Civil Rights Bill
August 28, 1963, Over 250,000 in attendance
MLK, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech becomes highlight
Passed civil rights bill : Prohibited discrimination based on race, gender, religion, national origin, Desegregated public facilities and privates ones that require support of general public: hotels, restaurants
24th amendment ended what?
ended poll taxes
Focus now shifted to voter registration, voting rights in the South