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History > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

U2 crisis 1960 - what happened

A

MY 1960 - the USSR shot down an American spy plane, the U2.
The plan took photographs of missile bases in the USSR
Gary Powers was broadcasted on TV and accused of spying

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2
Q

Consequences of U2 spy plane

A

The USSR had proof that USA was spying. Krischeb therefore refused to attend the planned Paris Peace summit (where USA and USSR had planned to have friendly conversations).

USA were worried the USSR might respond. They were keen to keep going with the arms race

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3
Q

Hungarian Revolution 1956 what happened

A

People living in Hungary were unhappy with their living conditions. They particularly didnt like their communist leader Rakosi.

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4
Q

Consequnces or Hungarian Revolution

A

By sending in tanks, the USSR broke their ‘thaw’

The USSR promised not to let other Communist countries fall out of their control im future

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5
Q

Czechoslovakia and prage springs what happened

A

1968: A new communist leader in Czechoslovakia, introduced more relaxed reforms to try to keep everyone in Czechoslovakia happu abour communism
These refroms were knows as the ‘Prague springs’
The USSR were unhappy as they thought they were losing a Communjst ally. - USSR sent tanks

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6
Q

Consequces of Czechoslovakia and prage springs

A

The USSR had showh that they were serious abiut trying to maintain communism in Europe
This made the USA angry and worried

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7
Q

Space race what happened 1950-1960s

A

The USA and USSR had a competition to imrpove soace technologies and to get men into space
This included Yuri Gagarin, sputnik (USSR’s space satellites) and Apollo 11

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8
Q

Space race what 1950-1960s consequnces

A

Competition between East and West increased
The space race led to increased spying
Propaganda was used in the home countries to increase support for the Cold War

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9
Q

Arms race 1950-60s what happened

A

The USA and USSR had a competition to produce the most nucleur weapons
This included the ICBMs and Polaris
The USA spent lots of money trying to close the ‘bomber gap’

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10
Q

Consequnces of the Arms race

A

Both the USA and USSR had a good range of nucleur weapons, which they then wanted to use,
Competition increased
The arms race led to increase in espionage

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11
Q

What happened in Marshall plan 1947

A

The USA promised $17billion to countries in West Europe
They did this because they wanted those countrues to lift themselves out of poverty
To the USA, poverty led to support in communism

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12
Q

Comencon & cominform 1947-1949 what happened

A

1947 - USA set up Cominform, this co-ordinated the governments in communist countries
1949 - USSR set ip Comencon. This supported trade and businesses in the Communist countries
Yugoslavia was the only Communist country not to join.

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13
Q

Consequences of marshall comencon & cominform

A

The USSR felt that they were beginning to challenge the Truman Doctrine. They gained confidence to challenge the West on other points, e.g Berlin

The USA continue to be worried about the soread of communisy ideas - domino effect

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14
Q

China becomes communist 1949

A

1949 - Chairman Mao made China communist

1950 - China sign an alliance friendship with the USSR

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15
Q

Consequences of China becoming communist

A

The USA were very fearful, they promised to act more quickly in the future to stop communism from spreading. They went againts the Truman Doctrine (which had focused on containment)

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16
Q

What happened in Korean Sar 1950-53

A 
North Korea (communist) invaded south korea (capitalist)
South korea appealed to the United Nations, the united nations agreed south korea could have support from British and American soldeirs to fight againts commuist
The war ends in a stalemate
17
Q

Consequneces of korean war 1950-53

A

The USA feel confident that they have support of the Nited Nations in the fight againts communism
Both the USA and USSR feel worried that the war had no winner. They are keen to prove themselves in the future.

18
Q

The vietnam war 1955-1975

A 
North Vietnam (communist) and south vietnam (capitalist are fighting)
The communist are using guerrila warfare, the capitalist are usung ‘search and destroy’ tactics. Both these tactics are extremely unpopular with the public,
War continues until 1970s
19
Q

Consequences of Vietnam war 1955-1975

A

The USA had to decide carefully about whether to get involved in other wars. Their fear of comminism was growing
The USSR became confident that they might be able to ensure a communist takeover in asia.

20
Q

Kruschchevs thaw 1955

A

After the death of Stlain, Kruschchevs became the leader of the USSR,

Kruschchev decided to relax tensioms in the cold war by making it clear that he did not support the thungs that Stalin had done - ‘de stalinisation’

Kruschchev tried to be more friendly towards the West - ‘peaceful co-existence’
Tried to improve his friendship with Yugoslavia

21
Q

Consequences of Kruschchevs thaw

A

Competition between the East and West was decreased

22
Q

Nato and Warsaw pact 1949-1955

A

1949 - Countries in the West join Nato
1955 - Countries in the East join the Warsaw pact
These are both alliances that are focused on the military: the countries promise to support ine another if they were attacked

23
Q

Nato and Warsaw pact 1949-1955 consequences

A

The division between East and West is confirmed

Countries feel more confident to enter conflicts as they know they have other allies supporting them

24
Q

Berlin blockade & airlift 1948 - 1949

A

June 1948 - Stalin started a blockade. This meant he stopped all transport and supply lines into Berlin.
Stalin had hoped this would make Britain and USA leave Berlin
Instead, Britian & the USA started an airlift. This means they simply flew in their supplies by plane

25
Q

Berlin blockade & airlift consequences

A

Stalin was forced to give up. He was embarrassed and wanted revenge. He then started spreading communism to Asia
The USA were confident that they could challenge their power

26
Q

Berlin wall 1961

A

August 1961 - Soviets started to construct a wall in Berlin, diving east and west
They did this to try stop communist in East Berlin moving to the West to avoid poor living conditions, they also wanted revenge for the blockade

27
Q

Berlin wall 1961 consequences

A

The wall created a physical divide between east and west. It was there until 1989
The President of USA, JFK used a wall as a way of gaining support for the USA

28
Q

Truman Doctrine 1947

A

The USA president, truman became worried that Greece and Turkey might both become communist. These were important countrues to Britian and the USA.
Truman promised that Amerida would try a policy of ‘containment’. This means that they would try and stop communist from spreading

29
Q

Consequences of Truman doctrine 1947

A

The USSR felt angry that the USA were trying to challenge communism. Led to comencon and cominform

30
Q

Soviet expansion 1945 - 1949

A

Stalin took over 8 countries on eastern europe

Stalin claimed he was creating a ‘soviet spehre of influcence’ and a buffer zone to protect themselves from the west

31
Q

Consequences of Soviet expansion 1945 - 1949

A

The west were worried about the speed of Stalins expansion and the fact that some countries were taken by force
The USA issued the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to try and stop Soviet expansion
Churchill spoke about an ‘Iron curtain’ therefore confirming the split between East and West

32
Q

Atomic bomb 1945

A

The USA bombed Hiroshima, killing 80,000
3 days katee the USA bombed Nagasaki killing 40,000
USA celebrated and said it was a response to events at Pearl Harbour

33
Q

Consequences of Atomic bomb 1945

A

USSR felt scared and worried they might get bombed. They start building their own bomb
USA felt confident that having a strong military force would make them successful- hunger for more power

34
Q

Yaltsa & and Potsdam conference 1945

A

Feb 1945 - Big three met at Yalta. Agreed to divide Germany into 4 and to give Polan USAR
Aug 1946 - Big three met at Potsdam. Now they couldn’t agree on what to do about Germany or Poland

35
Q

Consequences of Potsdam and Yalta

A

USSR felt annoyed that agreements about Germany and Poland were being changed, they wanted to get more of their own land.
Germany became an area of disagreement

History (8 decks)

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