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Foundation Year - RTS > Cold > Flashcards

Cold Flashcards

1
Q

How is the cold spread?

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Droplet
  3. Coughing and sneezing
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a common cold?

A
  1. Nasal discharge and congestion
  2. Sneezing
  3. Cough
  4. Sore throat
  5. Mild fever
  6. Malaise
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3
Q

How long does it usually take for a cough to resolve?

A

7-10 days

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of rhinosinusitis?

A
  1. Blockage or congestion
  2. Facial pain or pressure - early stage tends to be mild, localised, unilateral and dull but becomes more severe and bilateral
    - bending forward, coughing and sneezing and moving eyes side to side can exacerbate pain
    - sinuses will be tender when palpated
  3. Discharge
  4. Reduction or loss of smell
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5
Q

How long does it usually take for rhinosinusitis to resolve?

A

2-3 weeks

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6
Q

What is the management for rhinosinusitis?

A
  1. Pain relief
  2. Nasal sympathomimetics
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of acute otitis media?

A
  1. Accumulation of pus
  2. Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
  3. Ear pain
  4. Child may rub or tug at ear
  5. Child will be irritable

Refer to GP

  1. Would be a bulging tympanic membrane
  2. Loss of normal landmarks
  3. Change in colour
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of influenza?

A
  1. Shivering
  2. Chills
  3. Malaise
  4. Aching limbs
  5. Insomnia
  6. Fatigue
  7. Non productive cough (cold is usually productive)
  8. Loss of appetite
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9
Q

How long does it take to recover from the flu?

A

Symptoms improve after 5 days with resolution after 7 days or more

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10
Q

What specific questions should you ask?

A
  1. Onset of sx - flu peak = winter whereas cold can be all year round
  2. Nature of sx - marked myalgia, fever, malaise chills and LOA more common with flu
  3. Aggravating factors - bending, sneezing or coughing making pain worse = rhinosinusitis
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11
Q

When should you refer a cold?

A
  1. Sinusitis failed OTC treatment
  2. Middle ear pain that fails pain relief
  3. Flu sx in at risk patients
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12
Q

What would you give for a cold?

A
  1. Systemic sympathomimetics:
    - pseudoephidrine - over 6
    -phenylephrine - over 12
  2. Nasal sympathomimetics
    - oxymetazoline - over 12
    - xylometazoline - over 6
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13
Q

What medications interact with sympathetic sympathomimetics (pseudoephidrine and phenylephrine)?

A
  1. MAOI - fatal hypertensive crisis - interaction can persist up to 2 weeks after stopping
  2. Increase BP
  3. Disturb BG in diabetics

Give topical in these cases

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14
Q

What are the side effects of systemic sympathomimetics?

A
  1. Insomnia - stimulant effect - advise not to take before bed
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Restlessness

Constrict dilated blood vessels and nasal mucosa

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15
Q

What are the legal restrictions with pseudoephidrine and phenylephrine?

A
  1. Not sold for under 6
  2. 6-12 years old max 5 days use
  3. Max pack size 720mg (12 tabs or caps 60mg or 24 tabs or caps 30mg)
  4. Only one pack sold per person
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16
Q

What are the age restrictions for phenylephrine and pseudoephidrine?

A

Phenylephrine - over 12
Pseudoephidrine - over 6

17
Q

Are pseudoephidrine and phenylephrine okay in pregnancy and BF?

A

Pregnancy - best avoided - mild foetal malformations reported
Breastfeeding - okay but may reduce milk supply

18
Q

What patient groups can nasal sympathomimetics be used?

A

Most - pregnant women after first trimester, HD, DM, HTN and hyperthyroidism

As some may be swallowed avoid in MAOI

19
Q

What is the maximum use of nasal sympathomimetics?

A

5 to 7 days

20
Q

What are the age restrictions for oxymetazoline and xylometazoline?

A

Oxymetazoline - over 12
Xylometazoline - over 6

21
Q

What advice would you give for the cold?

A
  1. Limit viral spread - disposable tissues, wash hand frequently after blowing nose, don’t share hand towels and avoid touching nose
  2. Babies - saline nose drops can be used from birth
  3. Admin of nasal drops - have head down facing floor
22
Q

What advice would you give for the cold?

A
  1. Limit viral spread - disposable tissues, wash hand frequently after blowing nose, don’t share hand towels and avoid touching nose
  2. Babies - saline nose drops can be used from birth
  3. Admin of nasal drops - have head down facing floor

Foundation Year - RTS (5 decks)

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