Cognitive Theories Flashcards
Cognitive Therapies key concepts
change occurs by modifying dysfunctional thoughts
when you can distinguishing between thoughts feelings and behaviors
you are able to modify thinking
when your thoughts change your feelings and actions and coping skills change as well.
Cognitive Therapies role of therapist
collaborative with client, teaching to change thinking, very structured therapist provides homework usually in skill building therapist will review lst session
Cognitive Therapies treatment goals
relieve the symptoms by helping to recognize negative thoughts, evaluate negative thoughts and replace them with healthier thoughts
develop positive coping strategies
Cognitive Therapies triads
negative view of self, world and future
Cognitive Therapies automatic thoughts
thoughts that pop into our head automatically, teaching how to identify them explore them and alter them
Cognitive Therapies maladaptive automatic thoughts
negative or thoughts that you don’t check for validation or accuracy
Cognitive Therapies schema
rules you create abut how the world works, stories you write about your self or your world that my not be true
Cognitive Therapies over-generalization
over thinking it, thinking that 1 bad thing means more like you make one mistake and feel like you are always wrong.
Cognitive Therapies arbitrary inference
jumping to conclusions, usually; the wrong conclusion, always inferring that something negative is happening
Cognitive Therapies selective abstraction
taking things out of content, taking one thing and making it mean the whole not just part of the situation. like if you are a musician and play a bad note, you decide you are a bad musician.
Cognitive Therapies personlization
thinking you are the cause of a bad event that probably has nothing to do with you. take everything personal
Cognitive Therapies polarized
its all good or all bad black or white
Cognitive Therapies interventions
teaching (psycho-education) about CBT and negative triad
Cognitive Therapies intervention–Socratic questioning
questions that dive below to collect evidence for your thinking; how did you get to that way of thinking
questions that challenge thinking and ask if there is another way to think about the situation
Cognitive Therapies intervention–reframing
a way of thinking differently about assumptions,
Cognitive Therapies intervention–restructuring
step by step of identifying they way they think,
then evaluate their thoughts and generate alternate responses of better ways of thinking, done over time and with homework
Cognitive Therapies interventions–self monitoring
diary work record your thoughts and behaviors, skills to identify and alter
Cognitive Therapies interventions–behavioral experiments
task given to test by trying something new and then seeing their thoughts about it
Cognitive Therapies interventions–systematic desensitization
client taught how to relax and then exposure to a stressful situation then couple relaxation strategies with the stressful situation
Cognitive Therapies interventions–anxiety management
use imagery to help clients learn to relay and manage anxiety
Cognitive Therapies interventions–assertiveness training
teaching people to specify their needs and wants using minimal techniques,. be clear about what you want
Cognitive Therapies interventions–behavioral activation
schedule activities to help with depression
therapist help you schedule activities and may offer incentives to do it
Cognitive Therapies interventions–communication skills training
helping couples manage conflict, teaching people how to listen, how to identify when you are getting upset and take time out, teaching i statements
Cognitive Therapies interventions–downward arrow
move down to say if that is so then what does that mean about yourself, “if that’s true than what does that mean bout you”
Cognitive Therapies interventions–exposure
exposing to anxiety and avoid it or learn to deal with it; face your fear
Cognitive Therapies interventions–finding alternatives
teaching people to review all the possible options and then find alternative options that could possible the case as oppose to the negative one you usually consider
Cognitive Therapies interventions–labeling distortions
identify and label your dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, behavior etc.
Cognitive Therapies interventions–aster/pleasure rating
rate your pleasure from an activity
Cognitive Therapies interventions–opposite action
do the opposite of what you feeling
Cognitive Therapies interventions–problem solving
training the step by step approach of solving a problem, identify the problem,consider solutions, evaluate the outcome of the solution and evaluate the solution for effectiveness
Cognitive Therapies –relaxation training
teaching skills of relaxation techniques first thing to start with when working with clients,
Cognitive Therapies –successive
step by step plan to their ultimate goal and celebrate each goal step along the way; like success in learning the relaxation training
Cognitive Therapies 3 column technique
record the incident that caused a thought, record the automatic thought and record your feelings or response
Cognitive Therapies thought record
record alternate responses and then pay attention to the emotional outcome to changing the thought
Cognitive Therapies phases
beginning; educate CBT safe environment, function analysis (explore neg thoughts, when and where they happen, etc.)
middle: more teaching, skill building,
end: review skills,
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
Provide psychoeducation about REBT. Identify underlying irrational thought patterns and beliefs and the resulting feelings and behaviors.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Treatment Goals
Help clients alter illogical beliefs and thinking patterns in order to overcome psychological problems and mental distress.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
Once these underlying feelings have been identified, the next step is to challenge these mistaken beliefs. In order to do this, the therapist must dispute these beliefs using very direct and even uncomfortable methods. Ellis suggested that rather than simply being warm and supportive, the therapist needs to be blunt, honest, and logical in order to push people toward changing their thoughts and behaviors. Clients are also encouraged to change unwanted behaviors using such things as meditation, journaling, and guided imagery.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
Review progress made and apply learned skills to anticipated future struggles.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Theory of Change
–Change occurs through changing irrational beliefs to rational beliefs, which improves clients’ emotional and behavioral functioning
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Role of the Therapist
- –Instructor
- Confrontational
- Direct
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Key Concept
A-B-C
–A- Activating Event: Something happens in the environment around you.
B- Beliefs: You hold a belief about the belief or situation.
C- Consequences: You have an emotional response to your belief.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Key Concept
Common Irrational Beliefs
Feeling excessively upset over other people’s mistakes or misconduct. Believing that you just be 100 percent competent and successful in everything to be valued and worthwhile. Believing that you have no control over your own happiness; that your contentment and joy are dependent upon external forces.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Self-Acceptance
–I have both good and bad points. I am allowed to have flaws. Despite my good and bad points, I am no more worthy or less worthy than any other person.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Key Concept
Other-Acceptance
Sometimes other people will not treat me fairly. There is no law that other people have to treat me fairly all of the time. People who don’t treat me fairly are no more worthy or less worthy than any other person.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Key Concept
Life-Acceptance
–Life does not always work out the way you want. There is no rule that life has to go the way that you want. Although life will not always be pleasant, it is never awful or completely unbearable.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Key Concepts & Interventions
Distress Tolerance
–How to tolerate pain in difficult situations, not change it.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Key Concepts & Interventions
Homework
–Clients are assigned skill building tasks between sessions.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Key Concepts & Interventions
Emotion Regulation
–How to change emotions that you want to change.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
–Finding a deeper meaning through a spiritual existence.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
–Fuller emotional experiencing; support the client to learn to live; define life goals, build self-respect, and find peace and happiness.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
–The client to move from being out of control to achieving behavioral control. Mindfulness and distress tolerance skills are taught.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Role of the Therapist
- -Ally
- Validate and offer alternatives
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Key Concepts & Interventions
Interpersonal Effectiveness
–How to ask for what you want and say no while maintaining self-respect and relationships with others.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Key Concepts & Interventions
Mindfulness
–The practice of being fully aware and present in this one moment.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Theory of Change
–Change happens through mindfulness, skills to manage distress tolerance and emotional regulations, and improving inter-personal problem solving skills. Emphasis on accepting uncomfortable thought instead of struggling with them.
DBT-Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Treatment Goals
–The goal is for clients to improve their emotional and cognitive regulation.
Reality Therapy
Role of the Therapist
–• The main function of the therapist is to create a nurturing relationship with the client.
• Supportive, non-judgmental, patient coach
Reality Therapy
Treatment Goals
–• Client learns more effective ways of meeting his or her needs
• Clients learn to engage in self-evaluation
• Clients gain a sense of inner control of their lives
• Clients learn to change what they do as a key to changing how they feel and getting what they want.
Reality Therapy
Key Concepts
–• Based on Choice Theory, which asserts that each of us is a self-determining being who can choose future behaviors and hold ourselves consciously responsible for how we are acting, thinking, feeling, and also for our physiological states.
• Everyone has four needs: love/belonging, power/achievement, freedom, and fun/relaxation
• People are always trying to meet one of their needs
• People are in control of what they are currently doing and have the power to make different choices
• Client’s act irresponsibly when one or more of their basic needs aren’t being met
Reality Therapy
Theory of Change
–Change occurs through identifying and meeting needs as well as developing satisfying interpersonal relationships.
Reality Therapy
Interventions
–• Focus on the areas where clients have choices.
• Focus on present choices, avoid discussions of problems in past or symptoms
• Challenge client to examine and evaluate their own behavior
• Explore client wants, needs and perceptions
• Doing and directing – focus on what client is currently doing and thinking
Reality Therapy
Interventions
- Discuss feelings only when related to client’s behaviors/choices
- Teach self-evaluation: Does present behavior have a reasonable chance of getting you what you want?
- Formulate action plan for change – focus on positive, attainable action steps
- Review results of plan and adjust accordingly
- Use humor
Reality Therapy - Phases of Treatment
Beginning
–Create a therapeutic environment – both supportive and challenging; Ask clients what they want from therapy: discuss direction of their lives; define the wants of the client
Reality Therapy - Phases of Treatment
Middle
–Explore choices client is making in current relationships; Identify other possible choices; encourage client to focus on what they can control, formulate action plan for change
Reality Therapy - Phases of Treatment
End
–Review what client learned; plan for maintenance of new behavior
