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Modern History > Cognitive Test > Flashcards

Cognitive Test Flashcards

1
Q

World War 2 Start & End

A

September 1 1939

May 8 1945

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2
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • May 1919
  • Signed 28th June 1919 (despite protest)
    INTENTIONS
  • France: Weaken Germany so they couldn’t start another world war (in theory)
  • United States; Germany to become a DEMOCRACY
  • US/UK; Did not want to create pretexts for a new war
  • Germany pay for ALL war debt incurred by Allies (exception of US)
    TERMS
  • 10% land
  • ALL overseas colonies
  • 12.5% population
  • 16% coal
  • 48% iron industry
  • Army reduced to 100 000
  • No air force
  • Reduced navy
  • Accept blame (starting)
  • Reparations 6 600 billion (annual repayments)
    GERMAN REACTION/RESULTS
  • November Criminals
  • ‘Stabbed in the Back’ myth
  • Betrayal
  • Hyperinflation
  • Dishonor/glorification
  • Destabilized Germany politically
  • Germans’ blamed it for their economic crisis
  • Hatred of T/V evident in all classes (called a diktat or imposed peace)
  • Long term bitterness in German society
  • 1919 + governments sought to evade or reserve terms of T/V
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3
Q

The Friekorps

A
  • December 1918 appointed Gustav Noske to be Defence Minister
  • Noske, saw the Freikorps as reliable (over army) to counter left threat
  • Volunteer groups of ex-soldiers who formed themselves into independent military groups under former officers
  • Totally opposed to Communism
  • Politically unreliable, saw threat of communist as a more immediate danger
  • Used brutality, were thugs and put down Spartacists’ uprising
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4
Q

Sparticists Uprising Berlin

A
  • January 1919
  • Extreme left; the Spartacists League
  • Leaders; Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
  • Karl Max ideology; COMMUNISM
  • Spartacists wanted counter-revolution to overthrow Ebert government
  • 30 December 1918; Communist Party of Germany
  • Seized buildings in Berlin (railway station, office of socialist newspaper)
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5
Q

Ebert Govt

A
  • 9th November, chancellor Prince Max von Baden stepped down
  • Handed government to Ebert, leader of Social Democratic Party (SDP)
  • Germany became a REPUBLIC
  • Threat to Ebert’s government from the radical/extreme left of the spectrum (Spartacists) and right wing
  • Friedrich Ebert first president of Weimar Republic (1919-1925) after winning January 1919 free electrons
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6
Q

The Reichstag

A
  • German Parliament
  • Two Houses
  • Reichsrat (represents the German states_
  • LOWER (represented German people) held immense power
  • Members of the Reichstag elected every 4 years (voting age 20)
  • Chancellor and Ministers appointed by President
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7
Q

Mein Kampf

A
  • Written in prison
  • Clarified and presents his ideas for Germany
  • Nazi’s would not be able to seize power by force
  • Use democracy to destroy democracy
  • After release, rebuilt the Nazi Party; recruitment drives and youth organisations
    5 MAIN BELIEFS
  • NATIONAL SOCIALISM; loyalty to Germany, racial purity, equality and state control of the economy
  • RACISM; Aryan’s supremacy (Master Race), Jews especially were inferior
  • ARMED FORCE; War and struggle were essential to Aryans healthy development
  • LEBENSRASUM; expansion needed, mainly at the expensive of Russia and Poland
  • THE FUHRER; Democracy and debate produce weakness, strength lay in the loyalty to a single leader (the Fuhrer)
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8
Q

SA

A
  • Storm Troopers
  • Brownshirts
  • Paramilitary organsation
  • Thugs
  • Street violence
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9
Q

SS

A
  • Schutzstaffel
  • Hitlers personal body guards
  • Aryan supermen
  • Elite
  • 250 000
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10
Q

GERMANY PRIOR TO WORLD WAR ONE/END OF

A
  • Proud people
  • World finest army
  • Ruled by Kaiser
  • Great optimism
  • Strong Germany
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11
Q

Nov Criminals

A
  • Socialist and Liberal politicians that signed the armistice
  • November 11 1918
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12
Q

Stab in the Back

A
  • Encouraged by; right wing conservatives and army
  • German army had been betrayed by Socialists, pacifists, war profiteers and the Jews
  • Army had strength to continue, not surrender
  • Surrender seen as betrayal
  • Army’s honor and military tradition became shameful
  • Aim; preserve honour of army
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13
Q

Weimar Democratic

A
  • Autocratic to Democratic
  • Berlin too violent for Parliament to be held there
  • Extreme Left; Communist (working class)
  • Extreme Right; Nazi’s (middle/rural class)
  • Democracy was NEW to Germany; elections for government
  • New German parliament responsible to all the people, drew up NEW constitution to preserve democracy and liberties/rights of people
  • Included; women’s right to vote (still denied in US/UK)
  • 1919, Germany one of the most democratic states in the world
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14
Q

KAPP PUTSCH

A
  • Ebert faced opposition from right win
  • Right Wing opponents grew up in a Kaiser Germany
  • Liked dictatorial style of government
  • Liked Germany having a strong army
  • March 1920
  • Dr. Wolfgang Kapp led 5000 Freikorps into Berlin
  • Kapp Putsch
  • Putsch; to overthrow/rebellion
  • Army refused to fire on the Freikorps
  • Government saved by workers; declared general strike (no transport, power, water)
  • Kapp realized he couldn’t succeed and left, he was hunted down and imprisoned
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15
Q

HYPERINFLATION

A
  • Extreme or rapid inflation of the German economy
  • November 1923
  • No goods to trade, printed money
  • Money was WORTHLESS
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16
Q

Occupation of the Ruhr

A
  • Occupation of the Ruhr Valley
  • 2 ½ years
  • Ruhr Valley: rich in raw materials (coal, ¾ of steel)
  • January 1923, French and Belgian troops
  • G failed repayment: occupied and took materials as payment (for their own repayments) of both raw and manufactures goods
  • Troops marched non-essential workers out of area
  • Occupation LEGAL according to T/V
17
Q

Passive Resistence

A
  • Occupation of the Ruhr led to PASSIVE RESISTENCE by Germany
  • Encouraged trade unions to organize strike in Ruhr
  • Freeze industrial production
  • Delayed French confiscation of resources
  • French reacted, killing 100 workers and expelling 100 000 protestors
  • Halt in production caused COLLAPSE of Germany currency
18
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm 2

A
  • Nov 9 1918

- To Holland

19
Q

Munich Beer Hall Putsch

A
  • 8th of November, Hitler hijacked local government meeting to announce he was taking over the government of Bavaria
  • Ludendorff joined Hitler and the Nazi’s
  • Nazi storm troopers began to take over office buildings
  • 16 Nazis were killed
  • Ludendorff arrested, Hitler escaped
  • SHORT TERM: Munich Putsch was a disaster
  • Hitler was arrested, charged with treason
  • Hitler gained publicity for himself and his ideologies
  • Given 5 years in prison, and only served 9 months
20
Q

LEBENSRAUM

A
  • “living space,”
    it was a basic principle of Nazi foreign policy.
  • Hitler believed that eastern Europe had to be conquered to create a vast German empire for more physical space, a greater population, and new territory to supply food and raw materials
21
Q

LEBENSBORN

A
  • ‘fountain of life’
  • Heinrich Himmler founded the Lebensborn project on December 12, 1935
  • Was to offer to young girls who were deemed “racially pure” the possibility to give birth to a child in secret
  • The child was then given to the SS organization which took charge in the child’s education and adoption
  • Both mother and father needed to pass a “racial purity” test.
  • Blond hair and blue eyes were preferred, and family lineage had to be traced back at least three generations.
22
Q

THE ENABLING ACT

A

THE ENABLING ACT
FEBRUARY 1933
- 27th February the Reichstag burnt down
- Hitler blamed COMMUNSIST ‘beginning of another uprising’
- Hitler demanded special emergency powers to deal with situation, given by Hindenburg
- Powers were used to arrest Communists, break up meetings and frighten voters
- May have been foul play by Nazi’s
MARCH 1933 ELECTIONS
- Won largest share of votes
- Overall majority
- Passed ENABLING ACT; make laws for 4 years without consulting the Reichstag
- Hitler was dictator of Germany
- Achieved position by ELECTORAL SUCCESS

23
Q

night of long knives

A
  • June 30th 1934

-

24
Q

Rudolf Hess

A
  • prison with hitler
  • secretary for writing the book
  • nazi party member politician
25
Q

25 points

A
  • Attractive to vulnerable to the Depression; UNEMPLOYED, ELDERLY, MIDDLE CLASS
  • Hitler blamed ALLIES, NOVEMBER CRIMINALS AND JEWS
  • No new messages/policies
  • Attractive as democratic parties couldn’t kick start economy
26
Q

HITLERS (4) IDEAS ATTRACTIVE

A
  • Strong Leader
  • Remove Treaty of Versailles
  • Unemployed to join army, rearm Germany and use in PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS
27
Q

DAWES PLAN

A
  • Stresemann government negotiated with US
  • To receive loans
  • Reparation payments to be paid back over time
  • Kick start economy/stability
28
Q

CAUSES OF G HYPER INFLATION

A
  • T/V
  • Revolutions
  • Money Printing
  • War Damage
  • France’s Actions
29
Q

WAR DAMAGE

A
  • Industry
  • Infrastructure sound
  • Germany pay for devastation in Belgium and France (significant destruction)
  • France, Belgium and British had own reparations to US to pay off
30
Q

MONEY PRINTING

A
  • Devalue money
  • Worthless
  • Government printed it to pay debts
  • Insufficient money to meet reparations, wages and war pensions
  • ‘Wheelbarrow wages’
  • Wages paid daily/hourly in copious amounts
31
Q

TREATY OF VERSAILLES REPAYMENTS

A
  • 6 600 million paid in annual installments
  • Protested that this was an intolerable strain on the economy
  • First installment of 50 million paid in 1921
  • Second installment WASN’T PAID
  • In retaliation, the Occupation of the Ruhr occurred
32
Q

ARMISTICE

A

ARMISTICE

  • 6 November President Wilson informed German government that Allies were prepared to grant an armistice
  • 11 November at 5am German representatives signed armistice in Paris
  • WW1 ended at 11am November 11
33
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • US PM
34
Q

Lloyd George

A
  • idk
35
Q

Ebert

A
  • first president of G

- Social democratic politican

36
Q

Ludendorff

A
  • a supporter of unrestricted submarine warfare
  • Germany’s senior army commanders in World War On
  • he was responsible for destroying Russia’s army on the Eastern Front
  • part in kapp putsch
37
Q

stresemann

A
  • took germany through hyper inflation
  • after death of ebert appointed chancellor
  • 1923

Modern History (7 decks)

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