Cognitive - Sensory

Question 1

What are developmental abilities that can be observed at different levels of disability (i.e., what ADLs can be accomplished at each level of disability)?

Answer 1

Mild ID 50-75: MA ~ 8—12 yrs., social & vocational skills, some guidance & support as adult

Mod ID 40-50: MA ~ 3—7 yrs., can learn simple health & safety habits, live/work under sheltered conditions

Severe ID 25-40: MA of 1—3 yrs., usually walks, some language skills, can conform to daily routines & rituals, continuous. supervision

Profound: MA of infant, global DD, basic emotional responses, may respond to intensive training, needs complete care & supervision, some primitive speech

Question 2

What are the risks of physical activity for children who have Down syndrome?

Answer 2

-heart defects (fatigue)
-atlanto-axial subluxation/instability
-tracheo-esophagel fistulas

Question 3

When should developmental stimulation programs for developmentally delayed children begin?

Answer 3

-as early as possible
-early intervention is crucial to maximizing developmental and cognitive progress

Question 4

What are appropriate activities for children with Down syndrome?

Answer 4

-Most children with Trisomy 21 can be mainstreamed into regular elementary and high schools
-some attend college
-Progress to vocational programs or community college programs

Question 5

What are the physical characteristics with implications for nursing care of children with Down syndrome?

Answer 5

-Small, round head
-Short, broad neck
-Flattened forehead
-Upward, outward slant to eyes
-Small nose with depressed nasal bridge
-Small ears with short pinna
-Protruding tongue
-Transverse palmer crease
-Short stature
-Protruding abdomen
-Separated sagittal suture
-Enlarged anterior fontanel
-High, arched, narrow palate
-Shortened rib cage
-Possible congenital heart defect
-Broad, short feet and hands with stubby toes and fingers
-Large space between big and second toes with plantar crease
-Hyperflexibility and hypotonia