Cognitive Science Flashcards
What is Cognition?
The collection of mind processes and activities used in perceiving, learning, thinking and understanding and the act on using those processes.
Give three examples of Cognitive Processes (Clue: Things that make our brain process things.)
Any answers below:
1) Learning and Memory
2) Thinking and Reasoning(Planning, Problem Solving, Decision Making.)
3) Language
4) Vision-perception
5) Social-cognition
6) Dreaming and Consciousness.
What is Cognitive Science?
The study of the human mind and behavior
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The study of cognitive processes that involve the acquisition, representation, and use of human knowledge.
What is Cognitive Psychology
The study of the thinking mind and is concerned with :
1) How we attend to and gain information about the world
2) How is the information stored and processed in our brains
3) How do we solve problems, think and formulate language.
notice how they all have meanings to each other
What are the 4 things that relate to cognitive psychology
1) Experimental cognitive psychology
2) Cognitive Science
3) Cognitive neuropsychology
4) Cognitive neuroscience
What follows the experimental tradition of cognitive psychology and involves nothing with computer modeling. (RAW)
Experimental Cognitive Psychology
What area does cognitive science fit with?
It develops computational models to understand human cognition.
What does cognitive computing mean?
Refers to the individual technologies that perform specific tasks to facilitate(making it easier) human intelligence.
eg: siri
What is the difference between Cognitive Computing and Artificial Intelligent?
Artificial Intelligent focuses on completing tasks accurately to help humans.
Meanwhile, Cognitive Computing focuses on helping humans in completing their tasks.
Give an example of Artificial Intelligent and Cognitive Computing
Ai: Vacuum Cleaner(helps humans
Cognitive Computing: Siri (helps human solve their problems)
What is Optical Illusion?
Optical Illusion is a visual stimuli that is perceived by the eye, comprehended by the brain in a way that is different from reality.
Give 3 types of illusion
- Literal Illusion
- Cognitive Illusion
- Psychology illusion
How does an illusion happen? *note: Illusion happens because of the gestalt principle
Because the mind, our mind, groups patterns according to the laws of perceptual organization.
What is the gestalt principle?
The law of simplicity which states that every stimulus is perceived in its simplest form.
What do the laws of perceptual organization mean?
A set of rules that specifies how we perceptually organize parts into groups.
What are the gestalt principles?
1) Good figure/simplicity/
2) Similarity
3) Good continuation
4) PROXIMITY
5) Common Fate
6) Familiarity
7) Closure
Explain Good Figure/Simplicity
Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible.
Explain Similarity
When similar things appear to be grouped together. (eg: squares and circles.)
Similarity depends on?
Size, shape, lightness, hue, and orientation.
Explain Good Continuation
Good Continuation points that when two lines or more are connected, the result of straight and curving lines are mostly seen as if they belong together, and the lines tend to make it look like it is following the smoothest path.
Explain Proximity
Things that are near to each other but in our heads, it appears to be grouped together.
Explain common fate(Keyword: direction)
Things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together.
Explain familiarity
Things are most likely to appear as groups if the groups appear to be familiar and meaningful.
Closure
Things that are most likely to be seen as complete figures even when there are parts of information missing.
What is Selective Attention
Selective attention is a PROCESS by which a person can SELECTIVELY pick out one message out of various messages that are occurring simultaneously
What is Attention?
The concentration OF mental effort on sensory or mental events. (mcm when one goes to mental events or has sensory, they would concentrate, which includes mental effort)
What is the Stroop effect?
The Stroop effect is caused by the inability of humans to avoid reading out the meaning of the word even if they have been instructed to ignore them.
How does the Stroop effect happen?
It happens due to highly practice of reading and has become sooooooo automatic that it is difficult to not read them.
