Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Cognitive Psychology > Flashcards

Cognitive Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 sections of the multi store model

A

Sensory store STM and LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does info get from the sensory store into the stm on the MSM

A

Attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can info from the short term memory be encoded into the ltm in the MSM

A

Rehearsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is info retrieved from and where to in the MSM

A

Ltm to stm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 5 arrows used in the MSM

A

Attention, rehearsal, encoding, retrieval and trace decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does trace decay occur?

A

Ltm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory store?

A

2-3 items (very little)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the duration of the sensory store?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can info be lost from the sensory store

A

If it’s not attended to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the capacity of the stm

A

7 (+/-2) items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the duration of the stm

A

15 to 30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is info lost from the stm

A

Lost if not rehearsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the capacity of ltm

A

Unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the duration of the ltm

A

Life long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 ways can info be lost through the ltm

A

Trace decay and retrieval failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What evidence is there to support the MSM

A

Millers (1956) digit span experiment - stm capacity

Peterson and Peterson trigrams - duration of STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who conducted the digit span experiment and what year?

A

Miller in 1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the digit span experiment support?

A

That the STM has a capacity of 7 (+- 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who did the trigram study ?

A

Peterson and Peterson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the trigram study?

A

Participants looked at a trigram for 3 seconds,then were asked to count down from a high number in 3’s and were then asked to recall the trigram.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the trigram study support

A

That the STM has a limited duration of 15-30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What year was Peterson and Peterson?

A

1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who created the WMM?

A

Baddeley and hitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the 6 important sections of the WMM

A

Sensory store, central executive, visuo spatial sketch pad, phonological store, episodic buffer, long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the limitations of the MSM?
No detail as to how info into the different sections or how info is actually encoded
26
Who made the memory store model?
Atkinson and shiffrin
27
What is the role of the sensory store in the WMM?
To send info to the central executive
28
What kind of info is transferred to the visuo spatial sketch pad?
Visuo spatial info
29
What is the VIsuo spatial sketch pad used for in the WMM
The inner eye
30
What part of the STM does the Corsi test support
The visuo spatial sketch pad because the inner eye pictures the flashing squares
31
What is the capacity of the visuo spatial sketch pad?
Limited capacity 3-4 items
32
What evidence is there for the different components of the STM (visuo spatial and phonological)
KF - maintained VSSP but not phonological loop (digit span of 1) Henry molaison - maintained phonological loop (could understand instructions and what people were saying to him) not VSSP (couldn't learn new faces or use his inner eye)
33
What is the role of the central executive?
To direct the info to eithe the VSSP or the PL
34
What is found within the phonological loop
The inner ear and the inner voice, as well as the phonological loop which is the rehearsal
35
Where is the articulatory rehearsal found and what is its role
In the phonological store and it rehearses the inner voices info
36
What is the capacity of the phonological store
Limited
37
What type of encoding is found in the phonological store?
Acoustic
38
What is the role of the central executive
To receive info from the sensory store and to decide where the info should go, the VSSP, PS or the LTM
39
Where is the episodic buffer found?
In between the central executive and the ltm
40
What is of the role of the episodic buffer?
To decide what is encoded and retrieved from the ltm
41
What decided what is encoded and retrieved from the ltm?
The episodic buffer
42
What is the duration of the long term memory
Life long (unlimited)
43
What is the capacity of the ltm
Unlimited
44
What evidence is there that supports the WMM
The Corsi test - limited capacity of the VSSP The trigram - duration of the phonological loop
45
What are the 3 types of long term memory?
Episodic, procedural and semantic
46
What are episodic memory's?
autobiographical memory from personal experiences
47
What is procedural memory?
Remembered skills eg riding a bike or playing the piano
48
What is semantic memory?
General world knowledge eg days of the week in order
49
What case study illustrates the different types of long term memory stores?
Dr. S
50
What is the Dr. s case study?
He had a skiing accident and lost his episodic memory as he couldn't remember some of his colleagues. He was able to recall the fact that he was a neurologist and could diagnose himself meaning that his semantic memory was working. He knew how to ski afterwards so his procedural memory was working also.
51
Give 2 examples of people with memory problems
Clive wearing and Henry molaison
52
What has Clive wearing lost in terms of memory?
Everything. Neither has a ltm or a STM. He can't remember people, his hobbies, what he's just said and what he's just done
53
Give an example of Clive wearings behaviours due to memory loss
Thinks he's woken up every 2 minutes (always looks at watch). Writes in diary and doesn't believe he wrote it as he thinks he is unconscious so he crosses out what he's written previously.
54
What are the problems for Henry molaison in terms of his memory
He has a short term memory only so he Can't learn new words, songs or faces after his surgery. Doesn't know how old he is or if parents are alive Can't walk anywhere without directions
55
Why is Henry molaison 'stuck in the moment'
Info enters the STM through attention, however it is not transferred to the ltm and so the new info is forgotten within seconds
56
What does Henry molaison have?
Amnesia
57
What is a developmental psychologist
Someone who is interested in how people change over time from birth onwards
58
What was Sebastian and Hernandez- gil's study?
To see whether digit span increases with age
59
What does Sebastian and Hernandez-gil's study show?
That the digit span does increase with age from childhood through to adolescent, however the digit span of a healthy elderly is similar to that of a child aged 7, suggesting that old age does limit digit span and therefore has an effect on the capacity of the STM (phonological store)
60
What is the simple diagnostic test for dementia
Primary and recency
61
What is the primary and recency effect?
When given a list of words, people are able to recall the first few because of rehearsal and encoding into the ltm, and also the last few because they have only recently been encoded into the STM.
62
How does the primary and recency test help diagnose dementia?
Studies have found that people who are likely to develop dementia tend to remember the middle set of words, highlighting how there is something wrong with their STM.
63
What study is used to show the reconstructive memory.
Bartlett - the war of the ghosts
64
What year was Bartlett
1932
65
What was the Bartlett study?
Participants were given a story and asked to read it and recall it. They found that pp's changed the story to a more westernised interpretation to fit info into their already existing schema
66
What are schemas?
A collection/pattern of thought that categorises information as 'note-form' not as a 'video recording', informing you what to expect from a situation or experience
67
What influences a schema?
Your memory of personal experiences or situations as well as the association/rationalisation of a characteristic to something e.g. The ears of a cat
68
Fill the gap | _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ inkblot
Rorschach
69
What is the Rorschach inkblot?
A blot shape that triggers schemas due to the different patterns and shapes within it. People use their schemas to infer what the shape is and find real objects within it
70
What was the 'visual Chinese whispers' activity?
When you are given an abstract drawing to look at for a few seconds and then asked to reproduce the photo
71
What was found from the visual Chinese whispers activity?
We rationalise what we see based upon what our schemas associate the picture with. For example, having 2 triangular shaped pointy ears made people believe it was a cat
72
What is meant by 'reconstructive memory'
When presented with an abstract situation, our schemas 'fill in the gaps' to create an expectation or assumption of what it is. For example, verbal labels such as cat
73
How many participants are in the Bartlett study?
20 adults

Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions