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Classical And Contemporary (social) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the contemporary study.

A

Burger - partially replicating milgram’s study

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2
Q

What is the classic study?

A

Sherif’s inter group relationships - summer camp thing

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3
Q

When was sherif’s study?

A

1961

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4
Q

What is the aim of sherif’s study?

A

To investigate inter group relationships over a period of time when a variety of experimentally induced situations were introduced

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5
Q

What is the aim of burgers study ?

A

To investigate obedience by partially replicating Milgram’s 1963 study to see whether situational factors affect obedience do an authoritative figure

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6
Q

How many participants in sherif’s? Quantity, gender and age?

A

23

22 boys of 11 years old and one 12 year old

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7
Q

Where were the participants from in sherif’s?

A

Middle class from schools in Oklahoma City

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8
Q

What type of sampling method used in sherifS?

A

Opportunity

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9
Q

What participant design was used in sherif’s?

A

Matched participant design

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10
Q

How were the boys matched to what group in sherif’s?

A

It was equally distributed between their educational and athletically ability

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11
Q

How many stages in sherif’s.

A

3

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12
Q

What was the first stage of sherif’s study

A

In groups were created by giving tasks that required in group cooperation.
groups were kept separate from one another
They took part in activities in their groups
The researchers (who the boys thought where camp staff)observed the verbal and non-verbal communication and the relationships that merged

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13
Q

What did the research is observed in stage one of sherif’s study

A

Verbal and non-verbal communication and the relationships that emerged

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14
Q

What is sociometric data

A

Quantitive data gathered about personal/social relationships

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15
Q

How was sociometric data used in sherif’s study

A

How the boys rated eachother

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16
Q

What happened in stage 2 of sherif’s study

A

The two groups were brought together to Compete against each other for goals. They would blame each other for frustrating situations that they believed were caused by the group. Stereotypes between each group were recorded and behaviours and attitude towards each group noted.

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17
Q

What happened in stage three at sherifs study

A

Superordinate goals were introduced to encourage cooperation between the groups. Three problem situations were set up that could only be resolved if the teams work together. An example is starting the broken down bus

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18
Q

What is a superordinate goal

A

A common goal wanted by both teams

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19
Q

Give examples of a problem situation introduced in stage three of sherif’s study to try and get both teams working together

A

Restarting a broken down bus

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20
Q

What were the results of stage one of sherif’s study

A

Each group came up with a name for their team and when they were told that the other group existed and ‘us’ and ‘them’attitude arrose

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21
Q

What were the results in stage two of sherif’s study

A

The groups were showing signs of hostility and demanding competitive activities. They became territorial, began fighting, name-calling and one team burnt the other teams camp flag.
There was strong in group favouritism and negative bias. When asked to self-report who their friends were out of all the boys 93% selected from their own group

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22
Q

What percentage of the boys stated their friends were from their own group in sherif’s study

A

93%

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23
Q

What were the results in stage three of sherif’s study

A

When the researchers tried to bring the teams together, The boys persisted in name-calling and fighting. With a superordinate goal they initially started to mingle and stop name-calling but it didn’t last and they soon displayed negative outgroup bias

24
Q

What did the boys work together to get in sheriffs study

A

To get tickets for a movie

25
Q

What was concluded from sheriffs study

A

That strong in group identity is formed initially and with the introduction of competition negative out group bias occurred. Superordinate goals reduced negative out group bias as it removes the competition which proved that prejudice could be brought about through competition for resources

26
Q

What is social theory did sheriffs study illustrate in particular

A

Realistic conflict theory

27
Q

Why did sheriffs study illustrate realistic conflict theory

A

Competition for resources

28
Q

What year was burgers study

A

2009

29
Q

How many screenings took place in burgers today to eliminate participants

A

2

30
Q

What participant sample was used in burgers study

A

Volunteer

31
Q

What do you fact is meant that participants will be eliminated from burgers study

A

Knowledge of Milgram study or psychological issues

32
Q

How many participants were left in burgers study

A

70

33
Q

How many male and how many female participants in burgers study and what is the age range

A

29 males and 41 females from the age range of 20 to 81 years old

34
Q

How many experiments were there in burgers study

A

2

35
Q

How did they try to keep an equal ratio of gender in experiment 1 of burgers study

A

The participants were split into two groups

36
Q

What two things were the participants told/made to do before the experiment in burgers study

A

Given $50 and told they could keep it even if they withdrew. Forced to sign consent forms - locus of control

37
Q

What did burger measure in every participant

A

Empathy levels

38
Q

Why did burger measure the participants empathy levels

A

To see if this was an individual difference in obedience

39
Q

What was added in the second experiment of burgers

A

A second confederate acting as a teacher along with the pp

40
Q

What was the procedure of the first experiment of burgers study

A

The participant witnessed the experimenter placing an electrode onto the learners wrist. The teacher was asked to read out 25 word pairs and told that if the learner failed to remember an electric shock would be administered. The Confederate then revealed a problem with his heart . The learner was given a sample shock and 15 V and the same 4 verbal prods were used. Pre recorded voiced feedback grunts from the learner were played at 75 volts and at 150 volts the recording expressed the need for the learner to stop due to his heart problem. The experiment then used the verbal prods and if the pp resisted the experiment ended. It ended anyway at 150 volts

41
Q

How many word pairs were asked to read out in burgeRs study?

A

25

42
Q

What was the confederate learners fake problem/condition in burgers study experiment 1

A

Heart problem

43
Q

When were prerecorded feedback grunts played ? (Exp 1)

A

At 75 volt.

44
Q

When did the learner express the need to stop because of his heart problem? (Exp 1)

A

150 volts

45
Q

When did the experimenter use the verbal prods?(Exp 1)

A

When the confederate learner claimed he had a heart problem

46
Q

What happened if the pp resisted to carry on at 150 volts after the claim of heart problems in burgers?(Exp 1)

A

The experiment ended

47
Q

When did the experiment 1 end anyway in burgers?

A

150 volts

48
Q

What were the 4verbal prods (Exp 1)

A

Got more instructive and direct as they went on

1) please continue
2) the experiment requires that you continue
3) it is absolutely essential that you must continue
4) you have no other choice, you must go on

49
Q

What was the procedure of the second experiment or burgers?

A

Additional confederate teacher took the lead and at 90 volts said he didn’t feel comfortable and left. The experimenter asked the pp to proceed

50
Q

What were the results in experiment 1 (include %)

A

70% has to be stopped before continuing past 150 volts

51
Q

What % has to be stopped before continuing past 150 volts in experiment 1 of burgers?

A

70%

52
Q

What were the results of exp 2 of burgers study? (%)

A

63.3% went to proceed after 150 volts -similar to exp 1

53
Q

Was there a gender difference in burgers study in obedience levels.

A

No

54
Q

Was there a correlation between those with higher empathy and control scores and those who stopped and continued?

A

No, there was little difference.

55
Q

What was burgers conclusion?

A

Results were very similar to Milgram’s 1963 exp and time and changes in society’s culture did not have an effect on obedience levels.

Psychology (13 decks)

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