Cognitive Processing and Language of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

Question 1

what percent of school age children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the US?

Answer 1

3-5%

Question 2

Due to a combination of factors…

Answer 2

genetics, dopamine imbalance, insufficiency of neurotransmitters

Question 3

what are the 3 types of ADHD American Psychiatric Association delineates?

Answer 3

Primarily inattentive
Primarily hyperactive
Combination inattentive/hyperactive

Question 4

what percent are primarily inattentive?

Answer 4

20-30%

Question 5

What percent are primarily hyperactive

Answer 5

less than 15%

Question 6

what percents are inattentive/hyperactive?

Answer 6

50-75%

Question 7

what is the Relationship of SLI to ADHD?

Answer 7

• 59% of ch with specific lang impairment (SLI) also diagnosed with ADHD
• SLI ch with significant levels of receptive lang impairment most likely to be impulsive, distractible, overactive

Question 8

What are contributing factors to ADHD?

Answer 8

• Basal ganglia, regions of cerebellum significantly smaller in ch w ADHD
• Non genetic factors: premature birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood

Question 9

Researchers are showing that …

Answer 9

• Watching tv/screen time before 2 years of age is strongly correlated with attention problems later
• Ch 3-5 years of age-only watch educational, nonviolent programs
• For ch exposed early, school is boring, noninteractive, slow
• Tv topics presented briefly lots of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement, flashes of color

Question 10

What did the university of Michigan health system examine?

Answer 10

By 18 yrs old average amercan ch will see 200,000 violent as and 16000 murders on TV

Question 11

how does computer use affect executive functions?

Answer 11

General browsing – multitasking and continuous partial attention—cause irritability, impair cognition

Question 12

Playing computer games can impair the development of the ________, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior

Answer 12

Frontal lobe

Question 13

Every hour of TV/game use per day increases what?

Answer 13

increases risk of attention problems

Question 14

american academy of pediatrics say what?

Answer 14

ch under age 2 no tv or VGs

Question 15

what happens to children when exposed to a great deal of screen time?

Answer 15

Difficult to think, plan,and reflect

Question 16

Student and parents…

Answer 16

unplug and get moving

Question 17

Symptoms to ADHD

Answer 17

Not diagnosed by standardized tests—”diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the behavioral symptoms”

Difficulties coping with everyday life

Question 18

What most likely is ADHD?

Answer 18

Impairment in the executive function portion of bran that regulates behavior, esp. impulsivity

Question 19

Owens, Farinella and Metz say what?

Answer 19

• Teachers often believe that these ADHD ch poor social kill can be attributed to pragmatics difficulties
• Ch may not be id on the lang testing that ignores pragmatics

Question 20

what are Specific behaviors of ADHD

Answer 20

• Difficulty remaining seated
• Poor follow through on tasks
• Excessive motor activity– fidgeting, squirming
• Short attention span
• Distractibility
• Inability to delay gratification
• Shifting rapidly from one activity to another
• Loses things ; “space cadet”

Question 21

What are possible speech language characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 21

• Poor auditory memory
• Continually saying “what?” “and huh?”
• false starts, verbal mazes
• Poor story telling ability (disorganized)
• Poor pragmatics– interrupting, non sequitters

Question 22

how to manage ADHD

Answer 22

Stimulant medication increase dopamine in brain

Best: combo of pharmacological and behavioral approaches

Question 23

what are the popular medications for ADHD?

Answer 23

Cylert

Adderall

Strattera (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)
Ritalin

Concerta (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)

Question 24

what are implications for intervention for ADHD?

Answer 24

• Working on concepts such as before, after, more than
• Help students use clocks to mark time
• List of tasks to be completed– check off as finished
• Visual aids
• Therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly structured
• “movement breaks
• Turn taking skills
• Contingency– what they say must relate to what other person just said

Question 25

what are other implication interventions for ADHD?

Answer 25

• Memory, esp. for info presented auditorilly – often frget things
• Minimize external distractons
• Discuss what “paying attention” is (listening, sk questions when you don’t understand, sitting stil eye contact.
• Monitor outpit– speak in organized fashion
• Pragmatics, esp. ways to join groups effectively

Question 26

What did Kowalski ASHA school conference examine?

Answer 26

• Social etiquette posters
• Have ch carry social etiquette cards
• Video ch and show them

Question 27

Kowalski said what?

Answer 27

Social autopsy—analyze social errors
Who was impacted by it?
How it correct it?
Hw to avoid In in the future

Question 28

Who was impacted by it?
How it correct it?
Hw to avoid In in the future?
(kowalski)

Answer 28

• Much better 1:1
• Help them get organized
• Extra time to complete taks- often esp have troubled on time task

Question 29

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 says?

Answer 29

• Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from discriminating against children with disabilities
• Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or mental condition that substantially limits a major life activity
• ADHD students qualify for classroom accommodations if they can’t learn under typical circumstances

Question 30

What are the gifts of ADHD

Answer 30

Creativity

Ability to think outside the box

Question 31

what company supports individuals with ADHD?

Answer 31

CHADD

Children and Adults with Attention-Deficity/Hyperactivity Disorder