Cognitive Processing and Language of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Flashcards
what percent of school age children have been diagnosed with ADHD in the US?
3-5%
Due to a combination of factors…
genetics, dopamine imbalance, insufficiency of neurotransmitters
what are the 3 types of ADHD American Psychiatric Association delineates?
Primarily inattentive
Primarily hyperactive
Combination inattentive/hyperactive
what percent are primarily inattentive?
20-30%
What percent are primarily hyperactive
less than 15%
what percents are inattentive/hyperactive?
50-75%
what is the Relationship of SLI to ADHD?
- 59% of ch with specific lang impairment (SLI) also diagnosed with ADHD
- SLI ch with significant levels of receptive lang impairment most likely to be impulsive, distractible, overactive
What are contributing factors to ADHD?
- Basal ganglia, regions of cerebellum significantly smaller in ch w ADHD
- Non genetic factors: premature birth, maternal drugs and alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to high levels of lead in early childhood
Researchers are showing that …
- Watching tv/screen time before 2 years of age is strongly correlated with attention problems later
- Ch 3-5 years of age-only watch educational, nonviolent programs
- For ch exposed early, school is boring, noninteractive, slow
- Tv topics presented briefly lots of visual stimuli, varied settings, loud noises, movement, flashes of color
What did the university of Michigan health system examine?
By 18 yrs old average amercan ch will see 200,000 violent as and 16000 murders on TV
how does computer use affect executive functions?
General browsing – multitasking and continuous partial attention—cause irritability, impair cognition
Playing computer games can impair the development of the ________, the part of the brain that inhibits anti-social behavior
Frontal lobe
Every hour of TV/game use per day increases what?
increases risk of attention problems
american academy of pediatrics say what?
ch under age 2 no tv or VGs
what happens to children when exposed to a great deal of screen time?
Difficult to think, plan,and reflect
Student and parents…
unplug and get moving
Symptoms to ADHD
Not diagnosed by standardized tests—”diagnosis is based on a careful assessment of the behavioral symptoms”
Difficulties coping with everyday life
What most likely is ADHD?
Impairment in the executive function portion of bran that regulates behavior, esp. impulsivity
Owens, Farinella and Metz say what?
- Teachers often believe that these ADHD ch poor social kill can be attributed to pragmatics difficulties
- Ch may not be id on the lang testing that ignores pragmatics
what are Specific behaviors of ADHD
- Difficulty remaining seated
- Poor follow through on tasks
- Excessive motor activity– fidgeting, squirming
- Short attention span
- Distractibility
- Inability to delay gratification
- Shifting rapidly from one activity to another
- Loses things ; “space cadet”
What are possible speech language characteristics of ADHD?
- Poor auditory memory
- Continually saying “what?” “and huh?”
- false starts, verbal mazes
- Poor story telling ability (disorganized)
- Poor pragmatics– interrupting, non sequitters
how to manage ADHD
Stimulant medication increase dopamine in brain
Best: combo of pharmacological and behavioral approaches
what are the popular medications for ADHD?
Cylert
Adderall
Strattera (not a stimulant; may not have much effect)
Ritalin
Concerta (time released—take one pill in the A.M., and lasts all day)
what are implications for intervention for ADHD?
- Working on concepts such as before, after, more than
- Help students use clocks to mark time
- List of tasks to be completed– check off as finished
- Visual aids
- Therapy rooms and classrooms should be highly structured
- “movement breaks
- Turn taking skills
- Contingency– what they say must relate to what other person just said
what are other implication interventions for ADHD?
- Memory, esp. for info presented auditorilly – often frget things
- Minimize external distractons
- Discuss what “paying attention” is (listening, sk questions when you don’t understand, sitting stil eye contact.
- Monitor outpit– speak in organized fashion
- Pragmatics, esp. ways to join groups effectively
What did Kowalski ASHA school conference examine?
- Social etiquette posters
- Have ch carry social etiquette cards
- Video ch and show them
Kowalski said what?
Social autopsy—analyze social errors
Who was impacted by it?
How it correct it?
Hw to avoid In in the future
Who was impacted by it?
How it correct it?
Hw to avoid In in the future?
(kowalski)
- Much better 1:1
- Help them get organized
- Extra time to complete taks- often esp have troubled on time task
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 says?
- Civil rights statute that prohibits schools from discriminating against children with disabilities
- Eligibility is based on the existence of a physical or mental condition that substantially limits a major life activity
- ADHD students qualify for classroom accommodations if they can’t learn under typical circumstances
What are the gifts of ADHD
Creativity
Ability to think outside the box
what company supports individuals with ADHD?
CHADD
Children and Adults with Attention-Deficity/Hyperactivity Disorder
