Cognitive-perceptual approaches (ch 13) Flashcards
what is perception?
the integration/interpretation of sensory impressions received from the environment into psychologically meaningful information
what is cognition?
the ability of the brain to process, store, retrieve, and manipulate information. It involves the skills of understanding and knowing, the ability to judge and make decisions, and an overall environmental awareness.
cognitive-perceptual deficits occur as a result of multiple pathologies including…
CVA, TBI, neoplasms (tumor), acquired diseases, psychiatric disorders, and/or developmental disabilities
functional impairments of cognitive-perceptual deficits
-impaired alertness/arousal, astereognosis, impaired attention, ideational apraxia, motor apraxia/ideomotor apraxia, long term memory loss, short-term memory loss, impaired organization/sequencing, right-left indiscrimination, body scheme disorders, spatial relations impairment, asomatognosia, topographical disorientation, unilateral body neglect, unilateral spatial neglect, figure/ground dysfunction, anosognosia, perseveration, acalculia, alexia, agraphia, impaired problem-solving, disorientation, anomia, Broca’s aphasia, Wernicke’s aphasia, global aphasia, agnosia, executive dysfunction (or dysexecutive syndrome)
what is ideational apraxia?
breakdown in the knowledge of what is to be done or how to perform; lack of knowledge regarding object use.
what is anosognosia?
unawareness of motor deficit; may be related to lack of insight regarding disabilities.
what is perseveration?
continuation or repetition of a motor act (premotor perseveration) or task (prefrontal perseveration)
what is alexia?
the acquired inability to read.
what is agraphia?
the acquired inability to write
what is dysexecutive syndrome?
impairments related to multiple specific function; such as decision-making, problem solving, planning, task switching, modifying behavior in the light of new information, self-correction, generating strategies, formulating goals, and sequencing complex actions.
what is visual acuity?
the clarity of vision both near and far
what is visual field?
the available vision to the right, left, superior, and inferior.
what is ideomotor apraxia?
loss of access to kinesthetic memory so that purposeful movement cannot be achieved because of ineffective motor planning although sensation, movement, and coordination are intact.
what is somatagnosia?
inability to correctly identify/orient parts of own or others’ body. person attempts to dress therapist’s arm, may attempt to brush teeth of his mirror image, etc.
Allen Cognitive Level test
Used with psychiatric disorders, acquired brain injury, and/or dementia; used as a screening tool to estimate an individual’s cognitive level. Levels 1-6. 3 leather lacing stitches progressing in complexity.
Arnadottir OT Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE)
Use with adults presenting with cognitive/perceptual (neurobehavioral)deficits by evaluators who’ve completed A-ONE training. Structured observations of BADL and mobility skills are performed to detect underlying neurobehavioral dysfunction. A system of error analysis is utilized to document the underlying performance components (neglect, spatial dysfunction, body scheme disorder, apraxia) that have direct impact on daily living skills.
Scoring: Functional Independence Scale 0=unable to 4= independent; Neurobehavioral Specific Impairment Scale with 0= no problem to 4= unable to perform.
Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
age 3+, any diagnosis, only OTs trained in AMPS. Examine’s person’s functional competence in 2-3 familiar and chosen BADL or IADL tasks; patient chooses activities from list of 80 standardized tests; OT observes and documents the motor and process skills that interfere with task performance. 1= deficit to 4= competent.