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Education Psychology > Cognitive Learning > Flashcards

Cognitive Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Domain-specific knowledge

A

Knowledge useful in a particular situation

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2
Q

General knowledge

A

Useful in many different kinds of tasks

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3
Q

Information processing

A

The mind’s activity of taking in, storing, and using information

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4
Q

Sensory memory

A

Sensory information. This memory is very brief

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5
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Noticing separate features and assembling them into a pattern

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6
Q

Top-down processing

A

Using context and what we already know about the situation

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7
Q

Automaticity

A

Performing a task that is so thoroughly learned it does not require much mental effort

Example: driving, walking

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8
Q

Working memory

A

The task you are currently working on.

Contains both temporary storage and active processing

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9
Q

Short-term memory

A

Memory system that holds information for 20 seconds.

Can hold 5 to 9 things at once.

Once rehearsed these things move to long-term memory.

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10
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

Part of working memory.

Holds visual and spatial information.

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11
Q

Central executive

A

The part of working memory that is responsible for monitoring and directing attention and other mental resources

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12
Q

Phonological loop

A

A speech and sound related system for holding and rehearsing words and sounds

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13
Q

Cognitive load

A

How much mental processing it takes to complete a task

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14
Q

Intrinsic cognitive load

A

The resources required by the task alone

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15
Q

Extrinsic cognitive load

A

The recourses it takes to process outside stimuli

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16
Q

Germane cognitive load

A

Deep processing of information related to a task as well as the application of prior knowledge to a newly risen problem within the task

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17
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

A

Keeping information in working memory by repeating it

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18
Q

Elaborative rehearsal

A

Keeping information in working memory by connecting it to prior knowledge

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19
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping a large collection of data into more meaningful units

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20
Q

Interference

A

Processing new information gets confused with old information

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21
Q

Decay

A

The weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time

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22
Q

Cognitive view of learning

A

The active mental process of acquiring, remembering and using knowledge

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23
Q

Long term memory

A

Permanent store of knowledge

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24
Q

Declarative knowledge

A

Facts

25
Q

Procedural knowledge

A

Demonstrated when performing a task

Know how to do something

26
Q

Self-regularity knowledge

A

Knowing how to manage learning and when to use knowledge

27
Q

Explicit memory

A

Long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall

28
Q

Implicit memory

A

Knowledge that we are not conscious of recalling

29
Q

Semantic memory

A

Meaning of a word

Example: Plane, dog, cat

30
Q

Dual coding theory

A

Things are stored in long term memory as images or verbal units or both

31
Q

Schemas

A

Structures for organizing information

32
Q

Episodic memory

A

Information tied to a time and place

33
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Vivid memories of emotionally important events

34
Q

Procedural memory

A

Memory for how to do things

35
Q

Priming

A

Activating a concept in memory

36
Q

Elaboration

A

Connecting to prior knowledge

37
Q

Organization

A

Ordered and logical network of relations

38
Q

Context

A

The physical and emotional backdrop associated with an event

39
Q

Spreading activation

A

Remembering one bit of information activates recall of associated information

40
Q

Mnemonics

A

Technique for remembering

41
Q

Loci method

A

Associating items with specific places

42
Q

Acronym

A

Using the first letter of each word to remember a concept or steps

Example: PEMDAS

43
Q

Chain mnemonics

A

Associates one element of a series with the next

Example:
I before e except after c

44
Q

Keyword method

A

Associating new words with similar sounding words

Example:
The 4 c’s

45
Q

Serial-position effect

A

The tendency to remember only the end and beginning of a series

46
Q

Domain-specific strategies

A

Applied skills to reach goals in a particular subject

47
Q

Algorithm problem solving

A

Step by step procedure

48
Q

Heuristic problem solving

A

For general more challenging life problems

49
Q

Means-ends analysis

A

Goal is divided into sub-goals

50
Q

Working backward strstegy

A

Start with the goal then move backwards

51
Q

Verbalization

A

Putting your problem solving plan into words

52
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well they match your prototype

53
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory

54
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Seeking information that confirms your choices or beliefs

55
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Coming up with many possible solutions

56
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Narrowing possibilities to a single answer

57
Q

Restricting

A

Conceiving of a problem in a new way

58
Q

Insight

A

Sudden realization of a solution

59
Q

Transfer

A

Using previously learned information on new material

Education Psychology (3 decks)

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