Cognitive (key terms from textbook)

Question 1

Control processes

Answer 1

Conscious decisions about what to attend to from the sensory information in our environment.

Question 2

Attended information

Answer 2

Information that is given attention.

Question 3

Rehearsal

Answer 3

Consciously rehearsing and repeating information.

Question 4

Whole or partial report technique

Answer 4

Participants are asked to recall the whole array or part of the array such as a line.

Question 5

Visual array

Answer 5

An arrangements of letters or digits.

Question 6

Tachistoscope

Answer 6

A device used to present visual information in a controlled way, typically to test sensory memory.

Question 7

Interference task

Answer 7

A task that prevents rehearsal, such as counting backwards.

Question 8

Trigram

Answer 8

A set of three digits or letters.

Question 9

Phonological similarity effect

Answer 9

Similar sounding words and letters are acoustically confused in short-term memory, making them more difficult to recall.

Question 10

Digit span

Answer 10

How many digits can be retained and recalled in sequential order without mistakes.

Question 11

Mnemonic

Answer 11

A system for remembering something such as an association or a pattern of letters.

Question 12

Encephalitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the brain causing damage to the structures of the brain.

Question 13

Serial position effect

Answer 13

Recall of information at the beginning and end of a list is higher than the middle of the list.

Question 14

Dual task experiment

Answer 14

Experiments that involve two tasks that either compete with each other for the same cognitive resource because they are similar tasks (two verbal or two visual tasks) or involve different cognitive resources because they are different tasks (one verbal and one visual).

Question 15

Modality free

Answer 15

Able to process different forms of information (acoustic, visual, haptic etc.)

Question 16

Neuroimaging

Answer 16

Images showing the structure or function of the brain using scanners such as an MRI or CAT

Question 17

Broca’s area

Answer 17

An area of the left (typically) frontal lobe associated with the production of language.

Question 18

Supramarginal gyrus

Answer 18

An area of the parietal lobe of the brain associated with the perception of language

Question 19

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 19

A neurological degenerative disease that impairs cognitive functioning causing memory loss and impairments in thinking and language.

Question 20

Episodic buffer

Answer 20

A subcomponent of the working memory associated with interfacing with long-term memory and integrating information from other subcomponents.

Question 21

Semantic memory

Answer 21

Memory for facts.

Question 22

Episodic memory

Answer 22

Memory for events.

Question 23

Temporal

Answer 23

Relates to when something occured.

Question 24

Spatial

Answer 24

Relates to where something occurred.

Question 25

Cue dependent recall

Answer 25

Recall that is prompted by a specific context or physiological or psychological state that was encoded with the original memory.

Question 26

Anoxic episode

Answer 26

Lack of oxygen to the brain causing injury.

Question 27

Repeated reproduction

Answer 27

A participant recalls information at increasing time intervals (e.g. after 10 minutes, a week, a month)

Question 28

Reconstructive memory

Answer 28

The idea that we alter information we have stored when we recall it, based on prior expectations/knowledge.

Question 29

Autobiographical memory

Answer 29

A memory for personal events.

Question 30

Phonology

Answer 30

Speech sounds.

Question 31

Comorbidity

Answer 31

The presence of more than one disorder in the same person at the same time.

Question 32

Temporal lobe

Answer 32

An area of the brain located just below the ear

Question 33

Hippocampus

Answer 33

A structure of the brain responsible for learning emotion and memory.

Question 34

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 34

The loss of ability to make new memories, while memories before the injury remain relatively intact.

Question 35

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 35

The loss of ability to recall events prior to the injury.

Question 36

Medial

Answer 36

Situated in the middle.

Question 37

Anterolateral

Answer 37

To the front and side of.

Question 38

Lateral

Answer 38

Towards the side of.

Question 39

Bilateral

Answer 39

Both hemispheres of the brain are involved.

Question 40

Semantic dementia

Answer 40

A degenerative neurological disorder resulting in loss of semantic memory.

Question 41

MRI scan

Answer 41

A brain scan that produces an image of the structure of the brain, a bit like an X-ray but with more detail.

Question 42

Brain stimulation

Answer 42

The use of electrodes to stimulate regions of the brain and examine resulting behavioural or cognitive changes as a result.

Question 43

Unilateral lobectomy

Answer 43

The surgical removal of parts of the brain from one hemisphere.