cognitive interviews and ethical interview techniques

Question 1

cognitive interview

Answer 1

method of interviewing eyewitnesses the aim is to help witnesses procedure more accurate recall of a crime scene using techniques based on psychological research

Question 2

ethical interview

Answer 2

method of interviewing that acknowledges that suspects are human beings and are more likely to co-operate with police if rapport is established and they are treated with respect

Question 3

process of standard interviews

Answer 3

orientation- purpose and legal req
listening- free recall
questions and answers- specific based on prev stage
advice- informed of further action

Question 4

criticism of standard interviews

Answer 4

ineffective, leading questions with witnesses interrupted for example baldwin found they used coercion and oppressive interviewing causing miscarriages of justice
PACE police and criminal evidence act - ethical code of conduct and legal framework to protect human rights

Question 5

ethical issues associated with research method

Question 6

what police do in interviewing

Question 7

what the PEACE model is

Answer 7

planning and preperation- clear objectives
engage and explain- est rapport
account- open ended q
closure- understand what happened during the interview
evaluate- reflection on the interviewers performance

Question 8

s of PEACE model

Answer 8

walsh and milne 2010 found evidence that PEACE model builds rapport and used more ethical techniques compared to others and builds public confidencew

Question 9

w of PEACE model

Answer 9

not always used consistently, expensive

Question 10

who dev cognitive interview and why

Answer 10

geiselman et al - more effective interviewing

Question 11

memory principles for CI application

Answer 11

reporting everything and reinstating context- based on tulving encoding , idea when an event is encoded then cues are as well
reverse the order and change perspective- based on schema memory is based on what we expect to happen rather what did

Question 12

what was bartlett say memory prone is to

Answer 12

distortion,rationalisation,transformation,simplication

Question 13

4 main techniques used in CI

Answer 13

context reinstatement, report everything, change the order in which the event is recalled, change perspective

Question 14

describe geiselman et al

Answer 14

lab exp comparing 3 diff interview techniques optimising eyewitness memory performance, 89 undergrads watched a violent film and asked q. increase in n.o of correct items recalled using CI AND CONFABULATED ITEMS NOT SIG, increase in retrieval due to guided approach although ppt recalled more info not accurate and cog elicited more correct items

Question 15

evidence to support of CI

Answer 15

fisher et al- miami police dept 46% increease in recall over standard interviews with 90% accuracy which increases ecological validity also uses framework which allows others to follow it increasing reliability
holliday showed children aged 5-9 a vid of childs bday party and interviewed them using CI and SI and CI yielded more correct detials on video
milne and bull- used in combination cognitive reinstatement and report everything was more effective

Question 16

evidence against CI

Answer 16

time consuming and req specialist training- necessary to reduce errors
geiselman children under 6 CI recall down and should be used for age 8 and over as instructions can be confusing
kohnken et al 81% of reccorect info using CI but 61% in incorrect info compared to SI