Cognitive interview and ethical interview techniques Flashcards
What are 2 interview techniques
Cognitive interview technique
Ethical interviewing technique
Aim of cognitive interview technique
improve witness’ recall of event by using research into how memory works
Cognitive interview technique
What are the 4 main techniques of
- Report everything
- Reinstate context
- Reverse order
- Change perspective
Cognitive interview technique
Explain report everything
Witness is encouraged to report everything they witnessed in the event even if its not inmportant
Cognitive interview technique
Explain reinstate context
Witness encouraged to imagine all aspects of the event, like the time of day and the weather.
These context cues might help in recall
Cognitive interview technique
Explain reverse order
Witness asked to describe what they saw in different chronological order, like back to front.
Truer accounts can be stated under these circumstances
Cognitive interview technique
Explain change perspective
Witness asked to tell story from someone else’s perspective who may have witnessed it
Ethical interview technique
Aim
reduce the number of false statements gained through police coercion
Ethical interview technique
What model was created for ethical interviewing
The PEACE model
Ethical interview technique
What are the 5 principles of the PEACE model
Preparation and planning
Engage and explain
Account, clarification and question
Closure
Evaluate
Ethical interview technique
Preparation and planning
identify key objectives of the interview
Ethical interview technique
Engage and explain
active listening to promote rapport
Ethical interview technique
Account, Clarification and challenge
use open ended questions to promote more information
Ethical interview technique
Closure
give suspect chance to ask questions
Ethical interview technique
Evaluate
reflect on interviewers performance
Supporting evidence for CI
Evidence suggests it’s more effective than standard interview techniques
Supporting evidence for CI
Research evidence supporting it’s effectiveness against standard interviewing techniques
Geiselman 1985 study:
participants shown film of violent crime, then interviewed by officer with standard interview or CI
Supporting evidence for CI
Results of research evidence supporting it’s effectiveness against standard interviewing techniques
CI recalled correctly: 41%
standard interview recalled correctly: 29.4%
Weakness of CI
As correct information increases, false information also increases
Weakness of CI
Evidence showing false info increasing with CI technique
Kohnken 1999 study:
81% increase in correct information using CI technique, but this came along with a 61% increase in incorrect information compared to standard interviews
Strength of EI
Produces high success rates as shown by Holmerg and Christianson (2002)
Strength of EI
Holmerg and CHristianson (2002) results
Interviewed criminals about police interviews and inclination to deny or admit to crimes
Interviews that were dominant and intimidative on the part of the police produced more denial, while interviews marked with respect were most associated with confessions.
