Cognitive Interview

Question 1

what is cognitive interview?

Answer 1

a way of improving the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Question 2

what is ‘report everything’?

Answer 2

witnesses encouraged to include every detail of an event, even if it seems irrelevant or they’re not confident about the info, trivial details may be important and may trigger other memories

Question 3

what is ‘reinstate the context’?

Answer 3

witness returns to original crime scene ‘in their mind’, imagines environment and their emotions (based on the concept of context-dependant forgetting, may trigger recall)

Question 4

what is ‘reverse the order’?

Answer 4

events recalled in a different chronological order.

Question 5

what is ‘change perspective’?

Answer 5

recalls event through someone else’s perspectives

Question 6

what does ‘change perspective’ prevent?

Answer 6

the influence of expectations and schema on recall

Question 7

what is ‘schema’?

Answer 7

packages of information developed through experience, they generate a framework for interpreting incoming information

Question 8

what does ‘reverse the order’ prevent?

Answer 8

Prevents expectations of how the event happened rather than the actual event,prevents dishonesty.

Question 9

what did Milne and Bull (2002) find? (strength)

Answer 9

they found each indiviual element of the CL was equally valuable. The best combo was ‘report everything’ and ‘context reinstatement’.

Question 10

what is a limitation of CL in terms of time, and who researched this?

Answer 10

time-consuming, Kebbel and Wagstaff (1997), said it requires special training therefore the proper version pf the CI is actually used

Question 11

what is one other strength for CI?

Answer 11

the support for effectiveness of the enhanced CI

Question 12

what does enhanced cognitive interview focus on in a general sense and detailed sense?

Answer 12

focuses on relationship built between interviewer and interviewee ; establish and relenquish eye contact, reducing eye witness’s anxiety, less distractions, getting witness to speak slowly and asking open-ened questions

Question 13

who developed these additional elements of CI?

Answer 13

Fisher et al (1987)

Question 14

Kohnken et al (1999)?

Answer 14

a meta-analysis by Kohnken et al (1999) combined data from 50 studies, CI provides 81% of correct information, but also a 61% increase in incorrect information`

Question 15

what should police do with Kohnken et al’s research?

Answer 15

use CI but treat all information collected with caution

Question 16

what may be unreliable using CI?

Answer 16

Every study uses a different version of E/CI, difficult to draw conclusions about the CI in general making it lack internal validity, police forces evolve their own methods,meaning it lacks ecological validity