cognitive interview

Question 1

who suggested the cognitive interview techniques

Answer 1

• Fisher and Geiselman (1992)

Question 2

what are the 4 main techniques used in cognitive interviews

Answer 2

1. report everything
2. reinstate the context
3. reverse the order
4. change perspective

Question 3

explain report everything

Answer 3

• encouraged to include every detail of the event even if seems irrelevant as many are important or trigger other important memories

Question 4

explain reinstate the context

Answer 4

• return to the original crime scene in their mind and imagine the environment to combat context dependent forgetting

Question 5

explain reverse the order

Answer 5

• events should be recalled in a different order to prevent people reporting their expectations of how the event must have happened and prevents dishonesty

Question 6

explain change perspective

Answer 6

• recall the incident form other perspective to disrupt the effect of expectations and the effect of schema

Question 7

strength of cognitive interview

Answer 7

1. support for the effectiveness of the CI
   - meta analysis by Kohnken et al (1999) combined data from 55 studies comparing the CI with the standerd police interview
   - CI gave a 41% increase in accurate information

Question 8

limitation if Cognitive interview

Answer 8

1. some elements may be more useful
   - Milne and Bull (2002) found that each of the 4 techniques used alone provided more information than standerd police interviews but also found that a combination if report everything and reinstate the contest produced better recall than the rest
   - some aspects of CI are more useful doubting the credibility of the overall cognitive interview
2. time consuming
   - police officers may be reluctant to use CI as it is time consuming an takes more training
   - more time is needed to establish rapport and allow the witness to relax
   - need hours to do properly suggesting that it is not a realistic method