Cognitive interview

Question 1

What was the method of a traditional interview

Answer 1

in 60s and 70s, asked leading questions and introduced post event information.

Question 2

who created the cognitive interview

Answer 2

Fisher and Geiselman 1992

Question 3

what are the four main techniques used in the cognitive interview

Answer 3

1- report everything
2- reinstate context
3- reverse order
4- change perspective

Question 4

what is an enhanced cognitive interview

Answer 4

additional elements to be used eg when to make eye contact and when to break it , reducing eye witness anxiety and minimising distractions

Question 5

what is the technique of report everything

Answer 5

witnesses encouraged to say everything, even though they feel it irrelevant, can trigger other important memories

Question 6

what is the technique of reinstate the context

Answer 6

witnesses return to original crime scene in there mind, imagine the environment and emotions

Question 7

what is the technique of reverse the order

Answer 7

events should be recalled in a different chronological order, prevents expectations of how the event must have happened.

Question 8

what is the technique of change perspective

Answer 8

witnesses should recall event from another perspective, disrupt effect of expectations and schema on recall

Question 9

Limitation- quality v quantity

Answer 9

• procedure designed to increase quantity without compromising quality
  kohnken et al
• 81% increase in correct information
  61% increase in incorrect information when using enhanced interview
• can lead to false convictions
• vital in cross contamination

Question 10

Limitations- problems with using

Answer 10

Kebell and wagstaff
officers suggest technique requires more time/ availability which is not available
- prefer to to limit eye witness report to minimum amount of info
- requires special training , not been widespread, not appropriate time/cosy

Question 11

Strength- effectiveness of cognitive interview

Answer 11

• meta analysis increase of 34% accuracy in correct info with CI compared to standard interview
• HOWEVER, factors may be due to individual differences
• Milne and bull, four students interviewed with four different elements of CI
• recall significantly higher than other conditions