Cognitive Imparement Flashcards
What is the most common dementa type, most common age
Alzheimers (70%) & over 80 yrs old = 30% of population
What part of the brain does AD typically effect
Hippocampus and terporal lobes = unable to learn and retain new info. Individuals exhibit isolated mememory problems first
Possible modifiable risk factors
head trauma, HTN, DM, smoking, depression
Possible non modifiable risk factors
age, Fm hx, APOE-4 gene, downs. Age is strongest and after 85yrs AD = 50%
Definition for dementia
Cog imparement that invovles multiple domains and decline in ablity to do everyday tasks
3 stages
- Preclinical - begins years before
- mild cog imparement - noticible to person and friends. Do not necessarily go on to develop dementia
- dementia
Screening tools
Mini-cog & AD-8, MOCA, MMSE
Mild cog imparement
Medial temproal lobe
Impared episodeic STM
AD
Cortical (temp and parietal)
Progessive memory & cog deficits - particulalry short term memory, word finding difficulties
Apraxia on exam
Amyloid depostis and atrophy
Vascular Dementia
Cortical and subcortical
Multibple strokes and vascular risk
Gain, apraxia, frontal release signs on exam (reemergency of primative reflexes)
Frontal temporal
Cortical (frontal and temporal)
Behaviour, personality and language changes (KEY)
gain, apraxia, frontal release
Lewy body
Cortical and subcortical
fluctuationg attention, hallucinations, gait, motor, sleep disturbances
Limb rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, gait
Parkinsons
Subcortical
Later onset cog dysfuction with preexisitng parkensons
Limb rididity, bradykinesia, treamor, gait
DDx cognitive imparement
Medication (anticholinergic drugs, seditive), hypothyroidism, vit b12 def, neuroshyphilis, brain tumor, normal pressure hydrocephalis, subdural htn
What suppliments have proven protective
B12 and Folate
