Cognitive Explanations: Gender Schema Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Schema:

A
  • mental representation of aspect of the world
  • Related items come together to make a concept
  • cognitive framework
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2
Q

Describe Gender schema theory by Martin and Halverson (1981):

A

Theory argues that a child’s thinking is at the basis of their development of gender role behaviours

  • child understands gender with age
  • Schemas about gender become fixed in beliefs in childhood
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3
Q

What does Martin and Halverson (1981) agree with Kohlberg?

A
  • Child’s thinking is at the basis of their development of gender role behaviours
  • understanding increases with age
  • Develop occurs due to actively structuring own learning than passively observing models
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4
Q

What does Martin and Halverson (1981) disagree with Kohlberg?

A
  • Process starts at earlier stage
  • Basic gender identity is enough for child to identify themselves
  • Children learn through observation from 2 years of age
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5
Q

Define Gender Schema:

A

Organised set of beliefs and expectations related to gender derived from experience

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6
Q

How can a gender schema develop?

A

-due to TV, interactions with adults, with children

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7
Q

Define In group:

A

attitudes and expectations about one’s own gender

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8
Q

Define Out group:

A

attitudes and expectations about the other gender

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9
Q

Findings of Martin and Halverson (1983):

A

Children under age of six more likely to remember gender-consistent information than gender-inconsistent information

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10
Q

Is gender schema rigid?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Little and Martin (1990):

A

Found that children under the age of four, who showed no signs of gender stability or constancy, nevertheless demonstrated strongly sex-typed behaviours and attitudes

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12
Q

Does Little and Martin (1990) support the gender schema theory?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Gender schema is concerned with how organisation of information affects….

A

memory. (Explains why gender-inconsistent information is forgotten)

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14
Q

Gender constancy is more linked to …

A

motivation. (Motivated ti find out more of this role after firmly established concept)

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15
Q

Why does gender schema overemphasis on the role of the individual in gender development?

A

Doesn’t not pay enough attention to role of social factors such as parental influence and media.
-Ignores role of reward and punishment (SLT)

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