Cognitive Explanations Flashcards
1
Q
what is level of moral reasoning?
A
- Kohlberg (73) connect moral reasoning with criminality
- found violent youths have much lower moral reasoning than non violent ones
2
Q
+ research support for level of moral reasoning
A
- Palmer and Hollins (98) compare moral reasoning of 310 women, 122 men, and 126 criminals by presenting moral dilemmas
- criminals showed less mature reasoning
3
Q
– alternative theory to level of moral reasoning
A
- Gibbs (79) create alternative theory with 2 levels of reasoning
- mature and immature
- he believed the post conventional stage was culturally biased to western society
4
Q
what was Kohlberg’s model of criminality?
A
- criminals are pre-conventional stage as they have immature reasoning, avoid punishment and need rewards
- normal people are at the conventional stage
5
Q
what is hostile attribution bias?
A
- Schonenberg (14) showed violent people 55 ambiguous faces
- found they were more likely to judge them as hostile than the control group
6
Q
+ research support for hostile attribution bias
A
- Dodge and frame (82) showed kids ambiguous provocations
- those previously judged as aggressive were more likely to interpret situation as hostile
7
Q
What is minimisation?
A
- downplay significance of events (often due to guilt)
8
Q
+ research support for minimisation
A
- Barbaree (91) found of 26 rapists, 56% denied crime and further 40% minimised damage caused
