Bottom up approach

Question 1

what is the bottom up approach?

Answer 1

• Uk approach created by Canter
• work with evidence from crime scene to build features and motives of the offender
• generates image with likely characteristics
  (whereas top down matches to pre-existing template)

Question 2

what is geographical profiling?

Answer 2

• spatial consistency where future crimes revealed by location of past crimes

Question 3

what is the circle theory?

Answer 3

• offender have a spatial mindset

- they commit crimes within an imaginary circle

Question 4

what is a marauder?

Answer 4

criminal who operates close to their home

Question 5

what is a commuter?

Answer 5

criminal who travels away from their residence to commit crimes

Question 6

what was the railway rapist case?

Answer 6

Canter used geographical location to create a profile and catch offender John Duffy who killed 3 and attacked 24 women around railways

Question 7

+ approval of UK police

Answer 7

45 uk police forces said the approach was useful

however its only helped to catch offenders 3% of the time - most likely not used properly

Question 8

+ more scientific than Top down

Answer 8

• more scientific and objective than US approach
• builds profile of individual offender rather than matching to pre-existing template
• however it doesn’t consider the role of the personal;aity like US approach

Question 9

• the circle is hard to define

Answer 9

• the circle is hard to define as an area (usually not a circle)
• most offenders are classed a marauders due to this